How Do the Costs of Climate Policy Affect Households? The Distribution of Impacts by Age, Income, and Region
How Do the Costs of Climate Policy Affect Households? The Distribution of Impacts by Age, Income, and Region
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气候政策的成本如何影响家庭？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Walls
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Joshua A. Blonz;D. Burtraw;M. Walls
本文探讨了限制温室气体排放的立法性总量管制与交易提案对家庭支出的近期影响。我们评估乐观和悲观的假设使用的备抵价值相比，相对可预测的结果，从上限和股息的方法。我们发现，排放配额的分配是更重要的分配结果比初始成本或成本的区域差异。由于社会保障的自动通货膨胀指数化，65岁及以上的老年家庭比其他年龄组的费用相对较少。低收入家庭在能源上的支出占收入的比例高于富裕家庭;然而，津贴价值的分配和政府计划的索引抵消了这一支出。高收入家庭的境况良好，是因为津贴价值最终流向了资本所有者。占收入福尔斯比例最大的负担落在中等收入家庭身上，他们既没有得到低收入退税，也没有通过拥有股本获得价值。
This paper explores the near-term effects on household expenditures of legislative cap-and-trade proposals that restrict greenhouse gas emissions. We evaluate optimistic and pessimistic assumptions about the uses of allowance value, compared to relatively predictable results from a cap-and-dividend approach. We find the allocation of emissions allowances is significantly more important to distributional outcomes than the initial costs or regional variation of costs. Older households—age 65 and older—incur relatively less cost than other age groups due to automatic inflation indexing of Social Security. Lowincome households spend a larger fraction of earnings on energy than wealthier households; however, the distribution of allowance value and indexing of government programs offset this spending. High-income households fare well because of allowance value that ultimately flows to capital owners. The largest burden as a percentage of income falls on middle-income households, which receive neither low-income rebates nor value through ownership of capital stock.