A novel approach to age determination of traumatic injuries by reflectance spectroscopy
A novel approach to age determination of traumatic injuries by reflectance spectroscopy
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DOI：
10.1002/lsm.20301
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发表时间：
2006-04-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Svaasand, LO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Randeberg, LL;Haugen, OA;Svaasand, LO
背景与目的：损伤时效是法医学研究的一个重要方面。目前，基于经验标准的视觉评估和色度学是这项任务最常用的技术，尽管结果是不确定的。引起局部血管损伤的创伤将迅速导致皮下组织中的一池血。然而，瘀伤的颜色主要是由于血红蛋白运输到真皮中，其次是由于其分解产物。根据血红蛋白扩散、随后通过巨噬细胞活性清除、淋巴流动和转化为分解产物（如胆红素）来分析这种转运。瘀伤的颜色是由血红蛋白和血红蛋白分解产物引起的。颜色会随着时间而变化，并且可以使用反射光谱法记录这种颜色变化。本研究的目的是开发一个数学模型来描述血液扩散内擦伤皮肤，并使用这种方法来检索的年龄从测量皮肤reflectivene.Study设计/材料和方法：建立一个分析模型来描述瘀伤颜色的发展和褪色。该模型是基于达西定律的对流和菲克定律的扩散，描述了血肿内的血液和血红蛋白分解产物的分布作为损伤后时间的函数。损伤后的初始阶段通过皮下组织中的对流血管外血流来描述，并且通过真皮中的整个红细胞和血红蛋白的扩散和分解来描述瘀伤的进一步发展。实验数据被用来验证模型。使用积分球装置从正常和擦伤的皮肤收集400-850 nm波长范围内的反射光谱。受试者为入住挪威特隆赫姆圣奥拉夫医院心胸外科的成人患者。皮肤血肿是由外部创伤，心胸检查，或surgical.Results：初步结果表明，测量和模拟皮肤反射率吻合良好。该模型预测血肿的年龄，准确度约为1天。该方法的准确性取决于受伤区域皮肤厚度的精确信息。因此，从模型的估计的质量将得到提高，如果一个可靠的措施，皮肤厚度的反射measurement.Conclusions同时收集：皮肤血肿的时间发展具有良好的精度所描述的实施模型。该分析方法为法医学损伤年龄鉴定仪的研制提供了理论依据。
Background and Objectives: Aging of injuries on a victim's body is an important aspect of forensic medicine. Currently, visual assessment and colorimetry based on empirical criteria are the most common techniques for this task, although the results are uncertain. A trauma causing localized vessel damage will rapidly result in a pool of blood in subcutaneous tissues. The color of the bruise is, however, primarily due to hemoglobin transport into dermis and secondarily to its breakdown products. This transport is analyzed in terms of hemoglobin diffusion followed by clearance by macrophage activity, lymphatic flow, and conversion to breakdown products such as bilirubin. The color of a bruise is caused by hemoglobin and hemoglobin breakdown products. The color will change with time, and such color changes can be recorded using reflectance spectroscopy. The aim of this study was to develop a mathematical model to describe blood diffusion within bruised skin, and to use this method to retrieve the age of a bruise from measured skin reflectance.Study Design/Materials and Methods: An analytic model was established to describe the development and fading of bruise color. The model, which is based on Darcy's law of convection flow and Fick's law of diffusion, describes the distribution of blood and hemoglobin breakdown products within a hematoma as a function of time after injury. The initial phase after injury is described by a convective extravascular blood flow in subcutaneous tissues, and further development of the bruise is described by diffusion and breakdown of whole erythrocytes and hemoglobin in dermis. Experimental data were used to verify the model. Reflection spectra in the 400-850 nm wavelength range were collected from normal and bruised skin using an integrating sphere setup. The subjects were adult patients admitted to the Department of cardiothoracic surgery, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. The skin hematomas were caused by external trauma, cardiothoracic examinations, or surgery.Results: Preliminary results show that measured and simulated skin reflectance agrees well. The model predicts the age of a hematoma with an accuracy of approximately 1 day. The accuracy of the method depends on precise information of skin thickness in the injured area. The quality of the estimates from the model will thus be enhanced if a reliable measure of skin thickness is collected concurrently with the reflection measurement.Conclusions: The time development of a skin hematoma is described with good accuracy by the implemented model. The analytic method provides a theoretical basis for developing an apparatus to determine the age of injuries in forensic medicine.