Rapid recovery of life at ground zero of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.
Rapid recovery of life at ground zero of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-018-0163-6
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发表时间：
2018-06
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Zylberman W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lowery CM;Bralower TJ;Owens JD;Rodríguez-Tovar FJ;Jones H;Smit J;Whalen MT;Claeys P;Farley K;Gulick SPS;Morgan JV;Green S;Chenot E;Christeson GL;Cockell CS;Coolen MJL;Ferrière L;Gebhardt C;Goto K;Kring DA;Lofi J;Ocampo-Torres R;Perez-Cruz L;Pickersgill AE;Poelchau MH;Rae ASP;Rasmussen C;Rebolledo-Vieyra M;Riller U;Sato H;Tikoo SM;Tomioka N;Urrutia-Fucugauchi J;Vellekoop J;Wittmann A;Xiao L;Yamaguchi KE;Zylberman W
古近纪大灭绝（K-Pg）消灭了地球上76%的物种。它是由一颗小行星在66.0 Ma时撞击墨西哥湾南部尤卡坦碳酸盐台地造成的，形成了希克苏鲁布撞击坑。在大规模灭绝之后，以初级生产力衡量的全球海洋生态系统的恢复在地理上是异质的，因为墨西哥湾和北大西洋/特提斯的出口生产需要3亿年才能恢复到晚白垩世的数量，比大多数其他地区都要慢。靠近火山口的海洋生产力的延迟恢复意味着与影响有关的环境控制，如有毒金属中毒，恢复时间。相反，如果没有这样的地理格局存在，观察到的异质性的最好的解释是生态，营养相互作用的基础上，物种现任和竞争排斥的机会，和“机会”。重要的是，这一问题关系到现代生态系统受人为干扰的未来恢复模式的内在可预测性（或缺乏可预测性）。如果撞击距离与海洋生产力的恢复之间存在关系，我们预计陨石坑本身的恢复速度最慢。在这里，我们提出了第一个记录的有孔虫，钙质nannoplankton，遗迹化石，元素丰度数据的第一个~200 kyr的古新世内的希克苏鲁布火山口。我们发现，在撞击发生后几年，生命就在盆地中重现，一个繁荣的、高生产力的生态系统在3万年内建立起来，比地球仪上的许多地点都要快。这清楚地表明，接近撞击并没有延迟恢复，因此没有对恢复进行与撞击有关的环境控制。生态过程可能控制了K-Pg大灭绝后生产力的恢复，因此可能在海洋生态系统对其他快速灭绝事件的反应中具有重要意义。
The Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction eradicated 76% of species on Earth. It was caused by the impact of an asteroid on the Yucatán carbonate platform in the southern Gulf of Mexico at 66.0 Ma which formed the Chicxulub impact crater. Following the mass extinction, recovery of the global marine ecosystem, measured in terms of primary productivity, was geographically heterogeneous, as export production in the Gulf of Mexico and North Atlantic/Tethys took 300 kyr to return to Late Cretaceous quantities, slower than most other regions. Delayed recovery of marine productivity closer to the crater implies an impact-related environmental control, like toxic metal poisoning, on recovery times. Conversely, if no such geographic pattern exists, the best explanation for the observed heterogeneity is ecological, based on trophic interactions, species incumbency and competitive exclusion by opportunists, and “chance”. Importantly, this question has bearing on the inherent predictability (or lack thereof) of future patterns of recovery in modern anthropogenically perturbed ecosystems. If there is a relationship between the distance from the impact and the recovery of marine productivity, we would expect recovery rates to be slowest in the crater itself. Here, we present the first record of foraminifera, calcareous nannoplankton, trace fossils, and elemental abundance data from the first ~200 kyr of the Paleocene within the Chicxulub Crater. We show that life reappeared in the basin just years after the impact and a thriving, high-productivity ecosystem was established within 30 kyr, faster than many sites across the globe. This is a clear indication that proximity to the impact did not delay recovery and thus there was no impact-related environmental control on recovery. Ecological processes likely controlled the recovery of productivity after the K-Pg mass extinction and are therefore likely to be significant in the response of the ocean ecosystem to other rapid extinction events.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
ALVAREZ, LW;ALVAREZ, W;MICHEL, HV
通讯作者：
MICHEL, HV
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Hardisty, Dalton S.;Lu, Zunli;Lyons, Timothy W.
通讯作者：
Lyons, Timothy W.
影响因子：
5.8
作者：
Lu, Zunli;Jenkyns, Hugh C.;Rickaby, Rosalind E. M.
通讯作者：
Rickaby, Rosalind E. M.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Mukhopadhyay, S;Farley, KA;Montanari, A
通讯作者：
Montanari, A
DOI：
10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.03.031
发表时间：
2005-08-15
影响因子：
3
作者：
Alegret, L;Thomas, E
通讯作者：
Thomas, E