Urolithiasis in rats consuming a dl bitartrate form of choline in a purified diet.
Urolithiasis in rats consuming a dl bitartrate form of choline in a purified diet.
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发表时间：
2005-08
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
M. Newland;P. Reile;E. Sartin;M. Hart;M. Craig-Schmidt;I. Mandel;N. Mandel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Newland;P. Reile;E. Sartin;M. Hart;M. Craig-Schmidt;I. Mandel;N. Mandel
在研究营养素和甲基汞对发育和衰老的影响的大鼠中出现了尿石症。一年后，死亡率约为10%，两年后，死亡率上升到近30%。通过生存分析和定性比较，研究了临床体征和尿路病理学与饮食、饮食持续时间、性别、甲基汞暴露、遗传学和其他潜在风险因素的关系。雌性大鼠在开始净化饮食后15周出现尿石症，雄性大鼠在5周后出现尿石症。97周后，雌性大鼠死亡率为22%，雄性大鼠死亡率为64%。在一组食用受污染饮食< 30周的大鼠中，终生尿石症相关死亡率约为2%。本文所述大鼠的兄弟姐妹或队列中未发生尿石症，这些大鼠维持在含有氯化胆碱的标准啮齿动物饲料上。在2001年和2002年运输的一些纯化饲料中，尿石症被追踪到外消旋的，而不是左旋的，重酒石酸。不知道杂质何时首次出现在饮食中，因此暴露持续时间的估计值为上限。长期接触甲基汞会增加脆弱性。一些家庭（母亲+后代）有多例尿石症，但概率模型构建，以评估家族聚集性显示没有证据表明遗传易感性尿石症除了性别。去除外消旋酒石酸并没有降低死亡率，一旦大鼠已经在饮食上20至30周，但它有助于当暴露时间较短。
Urolithiasis appeared in rats maintained to study the effects of nutrients and methylmercury on development and aging. After a year, the mortality rate was approximately 10%, and by 2 years, it had increased to nearly 30%. Clinical signs and urinary tract pathology were examined as a function of diet, duration on diet, gender, methylmercury exposure, genetics, and other potential risk factors by using survival analyses and qualitative comparisons. Urolithiasis in female rats appeared 15 weeks after beginning a purified diet and after 5 weeks for male rats. After 97 weeks, the mortality rate of female rats was 22% and for male rats was 64%. Lifetime urolithiasis-associated mortality was about 2% in a group of rats that consumed the contaminated diet for < 30 weeks. No urolithiasis occurred in siblings or cohorts of the rats described here that were maintained on a standard rodent chow containing choline chloride. Urolithiasis was traced to racemic, rather than levo-, bitartaric acid in some purified diets shipped in 2001 and 2002. It is unknown when the impurity first appeared in the diet, so estimates of exposure duration are upper limits. Chronic methylmercury exposure increased vulnerability. Some families (dam + offspring) had multiple cases of urolithiasis, but probability models constructed to evaluate familial clustering revealed no evidence for a genetic predisposition to urolithiasis apart from gender. Removing racemic tartaric acid did not decrease mortality once rats had been on the diet for 20 to 30 weeks, but it helped when exposure duration was shorter.