Application of TopoFlow, a spatially distributed hydrological model, to the Imnavait Creek watershed, Alaska
Application of TopoFlow, a spatially distributed hydrological model, to the Imnavait Creek watershed, Alaska
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空间分布水文模型 TopoFlow 在阿拉斯加 Imnavait Creek 流域的应用
DOI：
10.1029/2006jg000326
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Hinzman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Schramm;J. Boike;W. Bolton;L. Hinzman
[1]本研究介绍了水文模型Topo Flow在美国阿拉斯加州因纳瓦特克里克流域的应用。它总结了这一北极盆地的重要水文过程，并重点对2001年的水文过程进行了模拟。对该模型进行了评估，以确定其再现水文循环不同组成部分的能力。针对不同的气候变化情景进行了模型模拟，以评估气候变化对水文的影响。因纳瓦特溪(∼2平方公里)被连续的多年冻土覆盖，河网有两个特点：溪流呈串珠状，沿山坡分布着许多水迹。这些因素，加上地下系统对浅层活跃层的制约，强烈地影响着径流对雨雪融化的响应。气候条件在一年中变化很大，提供了对模型能力的良好测试。仿真结果表明，该模型具有较好的量化性能。模型中描述了水循环的不同组成部分，并可能在与储存相关的过程的小规模、短期再现中进行改进，例如串珠状河流系统、活动层深度的空间变异性和复杂的土壤水分分布。通过引入积雪筑坝过程的算法，可以改进积雪融化排放的模拟。
[1] This study presents the application of the hydrological model TopoFlow to the Imnavait Creek watershed, Alaska, United States. It summarizes the hydrologically important processes in this arctic basin, and focuses on the modeling of the hydrological processes in 2001. The model is evaluated for its capability to reproduce the different components of the hydrological cycle. Model simulations are done for different climate change scenarios to evaluate the impacts on the hydrology. Imnavait Creek (∼2 km2) is underlain by continuous permafrost, and two features characterize the channel network: The stream is beaded, and numerous water tracks are distributed along the hillslopes. These facts, together with the constraint of the subsurface system to the shallow active layer, strongly influence the runoff response to rain or snowmelt. Climatic conditions vary greatly during the course of the year, providing a good testing of model capabilities. Simulation results indicate that the model performs quantitatively well. The different components of the water cycle are represented in the model, with refinements possible in the small-scale, short-term reproduction of storage-related processes, such as the beaded stream system, the spatial variability of the active layer depth, and the complex soil moisture distribution. The simulation of snow melt discharge could be improved by incorporating an algorithm for the snow-damming process.