Undoing violence, unbounding precarity: Beyond the frames of terror in the Philippines
Undoing violence, unbounding precarity: Beyond the frames of terror in the Philippines
复制标题
消除暴力，无限的不稳定：超越菲律宾的恐怖框架
DOI：
10.1016/j.geoforum.2011.04.003
复制
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
C. Woon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Woon
近年来，地理学家对恐惧和（反）恐怖主义问题之间富有成效的交叉点的兴趣蓬勃发展。这些研究通过揭示恐惧如何推动不公正的政策和暴力行动，在对地缘政治关系的批判性分析中发挥了重要作用。然而，我认为这些调查往往忽视了出于恐惧的局部作用，特别是这种情绪如何潜在地刺激行动并影响不同地理尺度上的政治实践和进步。本文通过审视恐惧是如何与后9/11时代美国领导的“反恐战争”在菲律宾的地理延伸联系起来的，来解决上述空白。我认为，恐怖主义在这个国家的框架允许政府操纵恐惧，为根除迫在眉睫的“威胁”的破坏性战略辩护。然而，这种主动行动不仅不利于铲除恐怖的根源，而且还有助于（重新）产生暴力。我并没有假设这种悲惨的结局是不可避免的，而是展示了菲律宾共产党“反叛”组织Rebulusyonaryong Partido ng mangagawa ng Mindanao （RPM-M）的努力，他们通过强调国家引发的脆弱性和边缘化问题来否定官方的恐怖主义话语。这反过来又使恐惧转化为其他形式的情绪，这些情绪对于形成联合抵抗国家暴力及其变迁的任意影响至关重要。通过情感阐明（非）暴力的构成，有一种内在的愿望，即打破支配当代地缘政治想象的恐惧、恐怖和暴力的自然结合。至关重要的是，情感对非暴力思想和行动的影响，为明确避免诉诸武力的和平与正义的激进实践提供了具体的实施途径。
Geographers’ interest in the productive intersections between fear and issues of (counter)terrorism has flourished in recent years. These studies have been important in their critical analyses of geopolitical relations by exposing how fear has been driving unjust policies and violent initiatives. However, I suggest that these lines of inquiries often neglect the localized playing out of fears, particularly how such sentiments can potentially stimulate actions and affect the practices and progress of politics at different geographical scales.This paper addresses the aforementioned lacuna by scrutinizing how fear is bounded up with the geographical extension of the US-led ‘war on terror’ to the Philippines in the post 9/11 era. I argue that the framings of terrorism in the country have allowed the government to manipulate fear to justify destructive strategies for the eradication of imminent ‘threats’. However such initiatives are not only counterproductive to rooting out the sources of terror but also aid in the (re)production of violence. Not assuming the inevitability of such elegaic outcomes, I showcase the efforts of the Philippines communist ‘rebel’ group, Rebulusyonaryong Partido ng Manggagawa ng Mindanao (RPM-M), in repudiating official terrorism discourse by emphasising instead issues of state-induced vulnerability and marginalization. This in turn allows fear to be transformed into other modalities of emotions that are central to the formation of coalitional resistances to the arbitrary effects of state violence and its vicissitudes.By illuminating the constitution of (non)violence through emotions, there is an inherent wish to disrupt the natural conjoining of fear, terror and violence dominating contemporary geopolitical imaginations. Crucially, the implications of emotions for the thinking and doing of nonviolence augments a concrete pathway for operationalising a radical praxis of peace and justice that explicitly eschews a resort to force.