Measuring medicine prices in Peru: validation of key aspects of WHO/HAI survey methodology
Measuring medicine prices in Peru: validation of key aspects of WHO/HAI survey methodology
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DOI：
10.1590/s1020-49892010000400008
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ross-Degnan, Dennis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Madden, Jeanne M.;Meza, Edson;Ross-Degnan, Dennis
目标。评估由于世界卫生组织 (WHO)/健康行动国际 (HAI) 自 2001 年以来在 70 多项快速抽样调查中使用的药品价格和可用性调查的目标清单和地理抽样有限而产生偏差的可能性。方法。 2005 年，秘鲁进行了一项调查，扩大了药店样本，包括偏远地区。收集了三个治疗类别药物的综合数据，以评估 WHO/HAI 目标药物清单的充分性以及仅关注两个产品版本。将 WHO/HAI 零售价中值与全球药品销售数据供应商 IMS Health.Result 的平均批发价进行了比较。按零售地点划分的目标清单药品的总体供应情况或价格没有发现显着差异。对血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、抗糖尿病和抗溃疡产品的综合调查显示，一些不在目标清单上的治疗方法对患者来说成本更高，而且更有可能无法获得，特别是在偏远地区。 WHO/HAI 零售价格和 IMS 批发价格对于价格较高的产品有很强的相关性，而对于价格较低的产品（零售商加价估计较高）则有较弱的相关性。结论。 WHO/HAI 的调查方法在适度的研究成本和最佳政策信息之间取得了适当的平衡。专注于常用药物可以产生充分且有效的结果。其他地方的调查员应考虑调查数据的局限性以及可能需要额外实地工作的任何当地情况，例如稀缺性。
Objectives. To assess the possibility of bias due to the limited target list and geographic sampling of the World Health Organization (WHO)/Health Action International (HAI) Medicine Prices and Availability survey used in more than 70 rapid sample surveys since 2001.Methods. A survey was conducted in Peru in 2005 using an expanded sample of medicine outlets, including remote areas. Comprehensive data were gathered on medicines in three therapeutic classes to assess the adequacy of WHO/HAI's target medicines list and the focus on only two product versions. WHO/HAI median retail prices were compared with average wholesale prices from global pharmaceutical sales data supplier IMS Health.Results. No significant differences were found in overall availability or prices of target list medicines by retail location. The comprehensive survey of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, anti-diabetic, and anti-ulcer products revealed that some treatments not on the target list were costlier for patients and more likely to be unavailable, particularly in remote areas. WHO/HAI retail prices and IMS wholesale prices were strongly correlated for higher priced products, and weakly correlated for lower priced products (which had higher estimated retailer markups).Conclusions. The WHO/HAI survey approach strikes an appropriate balance between modest research costs and optimal information for policy. Focusing on commonly used medicines yields sufficient and valid results. Surveyors elsewhere should consider the limits of the survey data as well as any local circumstances, such as scarcity, that may call for extra field efforts.