State transitions among groups of cyclists in cycling points races
State transitions among groups of cyclists in cycling points races
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自行车积分赛中自行车手群体之间的状态转换
DOI：
10.1080/17461391.2021.1905077
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
& Yuji Yamamoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fumihiro Okumura;Keiko Yokoyama;& Yuji Yamamoto
本研究分析了在三个不同的点比赛的自行车运动员竞争形成的群体的全球状态，并考虑在这些比赛中的个人自行车运动员的行为。我们测量了前骑自行车的人和其他骑自行车的人之间的时间差，当他们越过家和后直道的中心线，以量化的全局配置的骑自行车的人在他们的密度和功能的状态，提取使用主成分分析（PCA）。我们研究了是否组分离和组密度的特点，骑自行车比赛可以通过PCA提取。我们解释了PCA结果，以解释使用第一和第二主成分的组的分离和密度。然后，我们定义的配置状态的自行车运动员在每一圈的平面上的第一和第二主成分。随后，得到了状态转移概率。状态1、2、3和4分别对应于第三、第二、第一和第四象限。状态1表示包括一个密集组的状态，状态2表示一个伸展组，状态3表示一个分开的组，状态4代表了一个逃逸群，而不是一个单一的密集群。要点通过主成分分析来理解自行车积分赛的集体行为的方法是量化自行车运动员配置的有效方法。积分赛中的自行车手揭示了裂变-聚变动力学的特点是由两个组成部分。这两个分量定义了一个组的密度和组的数量，以及四种状态之间的转换。状态转换概率表明，在短跑间隔的后半段，组分离状态更频繁，并且很难将分离的组重新组合成一个。车手和教练员需要意识到组的拉伸和分离，即使它不会在短跑之前立即发生，因为在那个时候组中的自行车运动员的定位将是重要的。
This study analyzed the global state of groups formed by cyclists competing in three different points races and considered the behaviour of individual cyclists in those races. We measured the time difference between the front cyclist and the other cyclists when they crossed the centrelines of home and back straights in order to quantify the global configuration of cyclists in terms of their density and features of states, extracted using principal components analysis (PCA). We examined whether the group separation and group density that characterize the cycling race can be extracted by PCA. We interpreted the PCA results to explain the separation and density of the group using the first and second principal components. Then, we defined the state of configuration of the cyclists in each lap in the plane of the first and second principal components. Subsequently, the state transition probabilities were obtained. States 1, 2, 3, and 4 corresponded to the third, second, first, and fourth quadrants, respectively. State 1 represented a state comprising one dense group, state 2 represented one stretched group, state 3 represented a divided group, and state 4 represented an escape group far from a single dense group.HighlightsAn approach to understand the collective behaviour of cycling points races through principal component analysis was effective for quantifying the configuration of the cyclists.Principal component analysis of the global configuration of the cyclists in the points races revealed the fission-fusion dynamics was characterized by two components. The density of a group and number of groups, and transitions among four states was defined by these two components.State transition probabilities indicate that the group separation states were more frequent in the latter half of the sprint interval, and it was difficult to re-combine the separated groups into one.The riders and coaches need to be aware of the stretching and separation of the group, even if it does not occur immediately before the sprint as the positioning of a cyclist in the group would be important at that time.