The exploding worldwide cancer burden: the impact of cancer on women
The exploding worldwide cancer burden: the impact of cancer on women
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1048-891x.2004.14178.x
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Young, RC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wilson, CM;Tobin, S;Young, RC
虽然美国和其他发达国家的年龄调整癌症死亡率已经开始下降-这在很大程度上要归功于广泛的筛查计划，在早期发现癌症，可治疗的阶段-发展中国家的癌症正在上升。具有讽刺意味的是，随着这些国家沿着“西方”生活方式的采用，预期寿命的增加将使更多的人容易患上癌症。不幸的是，在富裕国家帮助控制癌症的早期检测工具和治疗技术在许多其他国家往往不容易获得，增加的癌症负担中有很大一部分将以影响妇女的癌症的形式出现--不仅是乳腺癌、宫颈癌和其他妇科癌症，还有结肠直肠癌、肺癌和其他与烟草有关的恶性肿瘤。在欠发达国家日益增长的老龄化人口中，专门从事女性癌症护理的医生需要警惕每一个改善癌症筛查和预防的机会。与最先进的技术相比，不太精确但成本较低且更广泛使用的筛查技术可能会挽救数千人的生命，因为低成本项目可以广泛应用，而不是为少数幸运儿保留。此外，针对烟草使用的教育和预防工作需要到位，以帮助遏制与烟草有关的癌症的流行，这种癌症在发达国家已基本达到顶峰，但在发展中国家的未来却不祥地隐现。
Although age-adjusted cancer death rates have started to decline in the United States and other developed nations - thanks in large part to widespread screening programs that detect cancers at early, treatable stages - cancer in developing countries is on the rise. Ironically, rising life expectancy in those nations along with the adoption of 'Western' lifestyles will leave many more people vulnerable to cancer. Unfortunately, the early detection tools and treatment technology that have helped control cancer in wealthier lands are often not readily available in many other countries.Much of this increased cancer burden will take the form of cancers that affect women - not only breast, cervical, and other gynecologic cancers but colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and other malignancies related to tobacco. Physicians specializing in cancer care for women need to be alert to every opportunity to improve cancer screening and prevention among the growing, aging populations of less-developed countries.Less precise but less costly and more widely available screening techniques may save thousands more lives than the most sophisticated technology because low-cost programs can be applied widely instead of being reserved for a fortunate few. In addition, education and prevention efforts directed toward tobacco use need to be put in place to help stem an epidemic of tobacco-related cancers that has largely peaked in developed countries but looms ominously in the future of developing nations.