Cofactor molecules: Essential partners for infectious prions.

Cofactor molecules: Essential partners for infectious prions.
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DOI:
10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.07.009
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Supattapone S
Supattapone S
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Supattapone S

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纯蛋白质假说预测感染性哺乳动物朊病毒仅由PrPSc组成,PrPSc是正常朊病毒蛋白PrPC的错误折叠构象。然而,迄今为止,所有野生型蛋白质纯PrPSc制剂缺乏显着水平的朊病毒感染性。使用系统生物化学方法,我们的实验室分离并鉴定了两种不同的内源性辅因子分子RNA(Deleault et al.,2003; Deleault等人,2007)和磷脂酰乙醇胺(Deleault等人,2012; Deleault等人,2012),其促进具有高水平特异性感染性的朊病毒的形成,导致我们提出另一种假设,即需要辅因子分子来形成野生型感染性朊病毒(Deleault等人,2007; Deleault等人,2012; Geoghegan等人,2007年)。此外,我们发现纯化的辅因子分子限制了化学定义的传染性朊病毒的菌株特性(Deleault等人,2012),提出了一种“辅因子选择”模型,其中在大脑的不同部分中菌株特异性辅因子分子的分布的自然变化可能是神经嗜性的菌株依赖性模式的原因(Deleault等人,2012; Geoghegan等人,2007年)。
The protein-only hypothesis predicts that infectious mammalian prions are composed solely of PrPSc, a misfolded conformer of the normal prion protein, PrPC. However, to date, all wild type protein-only PrPSc preparations lack significant levels of prion infectivity. Using a systemic biochemical approach, our laboratory isolated and identified two different endogenous cofactor molecules, RNA (Deleault et al., 2003; Deleault et al., 2007) and phosphatidylethanolamine (Deleault et al., 2012; Deleault et al., 2012), which facilitate the formation of prions with high levels of specific infectivity, leading us to propose to the alternative hypothesis that cofactor molecules are required to form wild type infectious prions (Deleault et al., 2007; Deleault et al., 2012; Geoghegan et al., 2007). In addition, we found that purified cofactor molecules restrict the strain properties of chemically defined infectious prions (Deleault et al., 2012), suggesting a “cofactor selection” model in which natural variation in the distribution of strain-specific cofactor molecules in different parts of the brain may be responsible for strain-dependent patterns of neurotropism (Deleault et al., 2012; Geoghegan et al., 2007).
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