Impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in Western populations
Impact of dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in Western populations
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DOI：
10.1093/eurpub/14.3.235
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Grobbee, DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Geleijnse, JM;Kok, FJ;Grobbee, DE
背景：西方社会中关于许多饮食和生活方式因素对高血压患病率影响的数据是缺乏的。本研究量化了体重、身体活动不足以及饮食因素对芬兰、意大利、荷兰、英国和美国高血压患病率的影响。
方法：西方人群的血压（BP）和危险因素分布是从全国性调查中获得的。通过对1966年至2001年3月间发表的随机试验进行元回归分析来评估危险因素对血压的影响。计算了这五个国家中所有危险因素导致高血压（即收缩压≥140 mmHg）的人群归因危险百分比（PAR%）。
结果：超重对高血压的影响最大，PAR%在11%（意大利）到25%（美国）之间。身体活动不足的PAR%为5 - 13%，高钠摄入为9 - 17%，低钾摄入为4 - 17%，低镁摄入为4 - 8%。在所有人群中，酒精的影响较小（2 - 3%）。钙摄入不足（2 - 8%）、镁摄入不足（4 - 8%）、咖啡（0 - 9%）和鱼油脂肪酸（3 - 16%）的PAR%在不同人群中有所差异。
结论：饮食和生活方式对西方社会的高血压有重大影响，超重、身体活动不足、高钠摄入和低钾摄入是主要影响因素。不同危险因素的相对重要性在不同人群中有所不同，这对预防策略很重要。
Background: Data on the impact of the many dietary and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in Western societies are lacking. This study quantified the contributions of body weight, physical inactivity and dietary factors to the prevalence of hypertension in Finland, Italy, the Netherlands, United Kingdom (UK) and USA. Methods: Distributions of blood pressure (BP) and risk factors in Western populations were obtained from nationwide surveys. The effect of risk factors on BP was assessed by meta-regression analysis of randomized trials, published between 1966 and March 2001. Population attributable risk percentages (PAR%) for hypertension (i.e. systolic BP greater than or equal to140 mmHg) were computed for all risk factors in the five countries. Results: Being overweight made the largest contribution to hypertension, with PAR% between 11% (Italy) and 25% (USA). PAR% were 5-13% for physical inactivity, 9-17% for high sodium intake, 4-17% for low potassium intake and 4-8% for low magnesium intake. The impact of alcohol was small (2-3%) in all populations. PAR% varied among populations for inadequate intake of calcium (2-8%), magnesium (4-8%), coffee (0-9%) and fish fatty acids (3-16%). Conclusions: Diet and lifestyle have a substantial impact on hypertension in Western societies, with being overweight, physical inactivity, high sodium intake and low potassium intake being the main contributors. The relative significance of different risk factors varies among populations, which is important for preventative strategies.