Attentional selection by distractor suppression
Attentional selection by distractor suppression
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DOI：
10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00189-2
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发表时间：
1998-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Guerra, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Caputo, G;Guerra, S
在包含因其奇怪的形式或颜色而弹出的单例的显示器中研究了选择性注意，目标被定义为形式单例，干扰物被定义为颜色单例。任务是区分目标内较长线的长度，在实验中使用阈值测量作为因变量来控制目标-干扰物相似性，在这些实验中，干扰物存在与不存在、自下而上与自上而下选择（通过目标特征的知识）以及目标-干扰物距离被操纵。自下而上条件下的结果表明，当存在干扰物时，长度阈值升高，并且随着干扰物数量的增加，该高度逐渐增加。 干扰物从一个增加到两个，这种设定大小效应并没有被选择性注意仅在反应前的决策阶段干预的假设所考虑，选择性注意产生了一个抑制性周围环境，其中相邻物体的可辨别性被强烈降低，而一个更大的周围环境，其中可辨别性被降低了大约恒定的量。 发现目标-干扰物距离，另一方面，目标-干扰物距离越短，自下而上和自上而下条件下的响应时间越慢，根据实验结果，选择性注意是在对象被分割后运行的中间处理级别的空间过滤的并行过程，该过滤阶段探索对象之间的高级交互，通过仅在有限的空间范围内操作来控制组合爆炸： 挑选出选定的对象并抑制邻近的对象；然后，未选择的对象在整个图像中被抑制，当当前行为中没有基于特征的选择可用时，这种过滤会影响感知，从而降低未选择对象的可辨别性。当基于特征的选择可用时，空间交互作用在刺激到达之前设置，因此只有不匹配的对象的可辨别性会减弱，(C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd，保留所有权利。
Selective attention was studied in displays containing singletons popping out for their odd form or color, The target was defined as the form-singleton, the distracter as the color-singleton. The task was to discriminate the length of a longer line inside the target, Target-distractor similarity was controlled using a threshold measurement as dependent variable in experiments in which distracter presence vs absence, bottom-up vs top-down selection (through knowledge of target features), and target-distracter distance were manipulated,The results in the bottom-up condition showed that length threshold was elevated when a distracter was present and that this elevation progressively increased as the number of distracters was increased from one to two, This set-size effect was not accounted by the hypothesis that selective attention intervenes only at the stage of decision before response, Selective attention produced a suppressive surround in which discriminability of neighboring objects was strongly reduced, and a larger surround in which discriminability was reduced by an approximately constant amount,Different results were found in the top-down condition in which target discriminability was unaffected by distracter presence and no effect of target-distracter distance was found, On the other hand, response times in both bottom-up and top-down conditions were slower the shorter the target-distracter distance was,On the basis of the experimental results, selective attention is a parallel process of spatial filtering at an intermediate processing level operating after objects have been segmented, This filtering stage explores high level interactions between objects taking control on combinatorial explosion by operating over only a limited spatial extent: it picks out a selected object and inhibits the neighboring objects; then, non-selected objects are suppressed across the overall image, When no feature-based selection is available in the current behavior, this filtering influences perception in decreasing discriminability of non-selected objects, When feature-based selection is available, spatial interactions are set before stimulus arrival, hence only the unmatching objects have their discriminability diminished, (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd, All rights reserved.