CHEMORECEPTOR CONTROL OF HEART-RATE AND BEHAVIOR DURING DIVING IN THE TUFTED DUCK (AYTHYA-FULIGULA)
CHEMORECEPTOR CONTROL OF HEART-RATE AND BEHAVIOR DURING DIVING IN THE TUFTED DUCK (AYTHYA-FULIGULA)
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DOI：
10.1113/jphysiol.1988.sp016988
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发表时间：
1988-03-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
STEPHENSON, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BUTLER, PJ;STEPHENSON, R
1.化学感受器的作用，在控制心率和行为在簇绒鸭潜水活动中的两种方式进行了研究。在一个封闭的循环实验中，鸭暴露于环境气体混合物的不同组成的潜水活动期间在室内水槽。在低氧、高氧和高碳酸条件下，对潜水员的行为、心率和深部体温进行了监测，并与空气条件下的行为、心率和深部体温进行了比较。第二，在开环实验中，颈动脉体（CB）化学感受器在控制对改变的吸入气体成分的反应以及对延长和封闭潜水的心脏反应中的作用（斯蒂芬森，Butler和Woakes，1986）通过这些感受器的慢性双侧去神经来研究。2.潜水过程中的心率不受控制（数据从完整的和假手术的鸭子相结合）和CB-去神经的鸭子吸入气体成分，虽然潜水行为显着修改在两组动物在响应改变吸入气体成分。缺氧和高碳酸血症导致在水面呼吸的总潜水时间比例增加。缺氧（9- 10%O2）的主要作用是减少对照鸭的潜水时间，这种作用在CB去神经后几乎完全消失。高碳酸血症（5- 6%CO2）减少潜水时间的作用不如低氧显著，但它大大增加了潜水间隔时间，这种作用不受CB去神经的显著影响。高氧（40- 45%O2）在潜水过程中对行为或心率的影响很小，尽管在潜水活动中这种气体混合物中的深部体温显着升高。还有一个不太明显的，但仍然显着，在空气中潜水活动在室内坦克，但不是在室外池塘明显的体温过高。相反，有一个显着的低温潜水活动在缺氧条件下。3. CB化学感受器被证明在某些情况下在潜水期间的心脏控制中发挥作用。潜水前心动过速的持续时间显着增加，在缺氧和CB去神经后，这种增加被取消。在延长和封闭潜水的心动过缓的发展速度减慢CB去神经支配后，虽然在延长和封闭潜水的反应和最终达到亚静息心率在封闭潜水的启动没有阻止，表明其他，尚未unexplanified，感觉输入参与在这些条件下的心脏控制。
1. The role of chemoreceptors in the control of heart rate and behaviour during diving activity in the tufted duck was investigated in two ways. In a closed-looped experiment, ducks were exposed to ambient gas mixtures of varied composition during diving activity in an indoor tank. Characteristics of diving behaviour, heart rate and deep body temperature were monitored under hypoxic, hyperoxic and hypercapnic conditions and compared with those in air. Secondly, in an open-loop experiment the role of the carotid body (CB) chemoreceptors in the control of the responses to altered inspired gas composition and in the cardiac responses to extended and enclosed dives (Stephenson, Butler and Woakes, 1986) was investigated by chronic bilateral denervation of these receptors. 2. Heart rate during submersion was unaffected by inspired gas composition in control (data from intact and sham-operated ducks combined) and CB-denervated ducks, though diving behaviour was significantly modified in both groups of animals in response to altered inspired gas composition. Hypoxia and hypercapnia resulted in an increase inthe proportion of total diving time spent breathing at the surface. The main effect of hypoxia (9-10% O2) was to reduce dive duration in control ducks and this effect was almost completely abolished after CB denervation. Hypercapnia (5-6% CO2) reduced dive duration less markedly than hypoxia but it greatly increased the duration of the inter-dive inteval, effects which were were not significantly influenced by CB denervation. Hyperoxia (40-45% O2) had very little effect on either behaviour or heart rate during diving, although deep body temperature was significantly elevated in this gas mixture during diving activity. There was also a less marked, but nevertheless significant, apparent hyperthermia during diving activity in air on an indoor tank but not on an outdoor pond. Conversely, there was a significant apparent hypothermia during diving activity under hypoxic conditions. 3. The CB chemoreceptors were shown to play a role in cardiac control during diving under certain circumstances. The duration of pre-dive tachycardia was significantly increased in hypoxia and this increase was abolished after CB denervation. The rate of development of bradycardia during extended and enclosed dives was slowed following CB denervation, though the initiation of the responses in extended and enclosed dives and the eventual attainment of sub-resting heart rates in enclosed dives were not prevented, indicating that other, as yet unidenified, sensory inputs are involved in cardiac control under these conditions.