A huge, undescribed soil ciliate (Protozoa: Ciliophora) diversity in natural forest stands of Central Europe
A huge, undescribed soil ciliate (Protozoa: Ciliophora) diversity in natural forest stands of Central Europe
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DOI：
10.1007/s10531-004-3923-6
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发表时间：
2005-03-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Foissner, W;Berger, H;Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S
我们调查了奥地利东部12个天然林的土壤纤毛虫多样性，即，八个山毛榉林和两个低地和黑松林。这些看台跨越了广泛的气候范围（例如，543-1759毫米降水，海拔160-1035米）和非生物（例如，pH 4-7.4）因子。在秋季和春末采集两次样品，用非淹没培养皿法进行分析。在体内、银制剂和扫描电子显微镜中鉴定了种属。总共发现了233种，其中30种未被描述，这是一个令人惊讶的数字，表明我们对土壤纤毛虫多样性的无知，即使是在中欧。物种数量变化很大，从45（硅酸盐上的酸性山毛榉）到120（洪泛平原森林），并与pH值和整体栖息地质量密切相关，如气候，C/P商数（r-选择的colpodean和k-选择的polyhyphyrrhorean纤毛虫的比例）和食菌纤毛虫物种的比例所测量的;多变量分析显示了进一步的重要变量，即，一般营养状况（葡萄糖、氮、C/ N比）和微生物（脲酶）活性。最高的物种数发生在两个河漫滩土壤中的一个，支持中间干扰假说。三个主要的森林类型可以清楚地区分他们的纤毛虫群落，使用相似性指数和多维尺度。个体数量变化很大，从135（-1）（低地森林）到10，925 ml（-1）（硅酸盐上的山毛榉）土壤渗滤液，有趣的是，与土壤原生动物磷脂脂肪酸的相关性很弱。发现的30个新种中有8个和一个被遗忘的种，Arcuospathidium coemeterii（Kahl 1943）nov. comb.，作为物种识别和土壤原生动物多样性分析的实例，对10种土壤原生动物进行了详细的描述，其中包括：Truncatum bimicronucleatum，Protospathidium fusioplites，Eermophrya sylvatica，E. quadrinucleata、Paragonostomum simplex、Periholosticha paucicarpata、P. sylvatica和Austrocirrus zechmeistaree。
We investigated 12 natural forest stands in eastern Austria for soil ciliate diversity, viz., eight beech forests and two lowland and Pinus nigra forests each. The stands span a wide range of climatic (e.g., 543-1759 mm precipitation, 160-1035 m above sea-level) and abiotic (e.g., pH 4-7.4) factors. Samples were taken twice in autumn and late spring and analysed with the non-flooded Petri dish method. Species were identified in vivo, in silver preparations, and in the scanning electron microscope. A total of 233 species were found, of which 30 were undescribed, a surprising number showing our ignorance of soil ciliate diversity, even in Central Europe. Species number varied highly from 45 (acidic beech on silicate) to 120 (floodplain forest) and was strongly correlated with pH and overall habitat quality, as measured by climate, the C/P quotient (ratio of r-selected colpodean and k-selected polyhymenophorean ciliates), and the proportion of mycophagous ciliate species; multivariate analysis showed further important variables, viz., the general nutrient status (glucose, nitrogen, C/ N ratio) and microbial (urease) activity. The highest species number occurred in one of the two floodplain soils, supporting the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. The three main forest types could be clearly distinguished by their ciliate communities, using similarity indices and multidimensional scaling. Individual numbers varied highly from 135(-1) (lowland forest) to 10,925 ml(-1) (beech on silicate) soil percolate and showed, interestingly, a weak correlation with soil protozoan phospholipid fatty acids. Eight of the 30 new species found and a forgotten species, Arcuospathidium coemeterii (Kahl 1943) nov. comb., are described in detail, as examples of how species were recognized and soil protozoan diversity should be analyzed: Latispathidium truncatum bimicronucleatum, Protospathidium fusioplites, Erimophrya sylvatica, E. quadrinucleata, Paragonostomum simplex, Periholosticha paucicirrata, P. sylvatica, and Australocirrus zechmeisterae.