Adaptations to Hydrothermal Vent Life in Kiwa tyleri, a New Species of Yeti Crab from the East Scotia Ridge, Antarctica
Adaptations to Hydrothermal Vent Life in Kiwa tyleri, a New Species of Yeti Crab from the East Scotia Ridge, Antarctica
复制标题
南极洲东斯科舍海脊的雪人蟹新品种 Kiwa tyleri 对热液喷口生活的适应
作者：
S. Thatje;L. Marsh;C. N. Roterman;M. Mavrogordato;K. Linse
南大洋的热液喷口是已知的生理上最孤立的化学合成环境。在这里，我们描述 Kiwa tyleri sp。 11 月，南大洋第一种雪人蟹。 Kiwa tyleri 属于 Kiwaidae 科，是位于东斯科舍海岭 (ESR) 北部和南部两个已知喷口地点的视觉上占主导地位的大型动物群。众所周知，该物种依靠化学合成细菌的初级生产力，一生的大部分时间都居住在温暖的热液喷口环境中。它远离喷口（几米）的短距离分布在生理上受到周围南大洋稳定、寒冷的海水的限制。已经证明，Kiwa tyleri 会针对这种对比鲜明的热环境表现出不同的生活史适应能力。讨论了在通风口烟囱上或附近发现的温暖广温水中生命特有的形态适应，并与该科的其他两个已知成员（K. hirsuta、K. puravida）中观察到的适应进行了比较，这两种成员表现出对低温化学合成环境的偏好。
Hydrothermal vents in the Southern Ocean are the physiologically most isolated chemosynthetic environments known. Here, we describe Kiwa tyleri sp. nov., the first species of yeti crab known from the Southern Ocean. Kiwa tyleri belongs to the family Kiwaidae and is the visually dominant macrofauna of two known vent sites situated on the northern and southern segments of the East Scotia Ridge (ESR). The species is known to depend on primary productivity by chemosynthetic bacteria and resides at the warm-eurythermal vent environment for most of its life; its short-range distribution away from vents (few metres) is physiologically constrained by the stable, cold waters of the surrounding Southern Ocean. Kiwa tylerihas been shown to present differential life history adaptations in response to this contrasting thermal environment. Morphological adaptations specific to life in warm-eurythermal waters, as found on – or in close proximity of – vent chimneys, are discussed in comparison with adaptations seen in the other two known members of the family (K. hirsuta, K. puravida), which show a preference for low temperature chemosynthetic environments.