Human Reward Pursuit: From Rudimentary to Higher-Level Functions
Human Reward Pursuit: From Rudimentary to Higher-Level Functions
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DOI：
10.1177/0963721412438463
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Aarts, Henk
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bijleveld, Erik;Custers, Ruud;Aarts, Henk
人类对奖励的追求往往受到对预期价值和所需努力的有意识评估的支配。然而，研究也表明，奖励最初是由基本的大脑结构在意识之外进行评估和处理的。基于这两个发现，我们提出了一个新的框架，以了解人类的表现，在服务的奖励追求。我们认为，人们最初无意识地处理奖励，这可以促进努力并促进表现。随后，人们可能会更充分地处理奖励，这使他们能够根据任务条件做出战略决策，并有意识地反思奖励。有趣的是，这些与完全奖励处理相关的特定过程可能会导致其对绩效的影响与初始奖励处理的影响不同。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了支持这一框架的最新研究。最后，我们讨论了我们的框架如何可能导致一个完善的但广泛适用的理解人类追求奖励。
Human reward pursuit is often found to be governed by conscious assessments of expected value and required effort. Yet research has also indicated that rewards are initially valuated and processed outside of awareness by rudimentary brain structures. Building on both of these findings, we propose a new framework for understanding human performance in the service of reward pursuit. We suggest that people initially process rewards unconsciously, which can boost effort and facilitate performance. Subsequently, people may process rewards more fully, which allows them to make strategic decisions on the basis of task conditions and to consciously reflect on the rewards. Intriguingly, these specific processes associated with full reward processing can cause its effects on performance to diverge from those of initial reward processing. In this article, we review recent research that supports this framework. Finally, we discuss how our framework may lead to a refined yet broadly applicable understanding of the human pursuit of rewards.