One stimulusTwo responses: Host and parasite life-history variation in response to environmental stress
One stimulusTwo responses: Host and parasite life-history variation in response to environmental stress
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DOI：
10.1111/evo.13061
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Minchella, Dennis J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gleichsner, Alyssa M.;Cleveland, Jessica A.;Minchella, Dennis J.
气候变化压力源将对寄生虫及其宿主施加不同的选择压力，迫使个体修改其生活史策略，并改变疾病的分布和流行。很少有研究调查寄生虫是否能够对宿主压力做出反应，并通过改变其繁殖时间表做出反应。此外，多种环境应激源可以限制宿主适应性地响应寄生虫感染的能力。本研究比较了宿主和寄生虫的生活史参数在无压力和干旱压力的环境中使用的人类寄生虫，曼氏血吸虫，在其淡水螺中间宿主。感染寄生虫的蜗牛宿主表现出显着的生殖爆发在prepatent期间（繁殖力补偿），但在干旱胁迫的环境中没有这种反应。这是第一次报告的消除主机生殖力补偿寄生时，暴露于额外的环境压力。更令人惊讶的是，我们发现，在干旱胁迫蜗牛感染有显着更高的寄生虫生殖输出比感染无压力的蜗牛。这一发现表明，气候变化可能会改变这种人类寄生虫的感染动力学。
Climate change stressors will place different selective pressures on both parasites and their hosts, forcing individuals to modify their life-history strategies and altering the distribution and prevalence of disease. Few studies have investigated whether parasites are able to respond to host stress and respond by varying their reproductive schedules. Additionally, multiple environmental stressors can limit the ability of a host to respond adaptively to parasite infection. This study compared both host and parasite life-history parameters in unstressed and drought-stressed environments using the human parasite, Schistosoma mansoni, in its freshwater snail intermediate host. Snail hosts infected with the parasite demonstrated a significant reproductive burst during the prepatent period (fecundity compensation), but that response was absent in a drought-stressed environment. This is the first report of the elimination of host fecundity compensation to parasitism when exposed to additional environmental stress. More surprisingly, we found that infections in drought-stressed snails had significantly higher parasite reproductive outputs than infections in unstressed snails. The finding suggests that climate change may alter the infection dynamics of this human parasite.