Potential impact of task-shifting on costs of antiretroviral therapy and physician supply in Uganda.

Potential impact of task-shifting on costs of antiretroviral therapy and physician supply in Uganda.
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DOI:
10.1186/1472-6963-9-192
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发表时间:
2009-10-21
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Garrison LP
Garrison LP
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Babigumira JB;Castelnuovo B;Lamorde M;Kambugu A;Stergachis A;Easterbrook P;Garrison LP

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低收入国家面临严重的卫生工作者短缺问题。最近的证据表明,这个问题可以通过任务转移来缓解——将卫生保健的各个方面委托给不太专业的卫生工作者。我们估计了任务转移对乌干达抗逆转录病毒治疗 (ART) 成本和医生供应的潜在影响。这项研究是在传染病研究所 (IDI) 诊所进行的,这是一家大型城市艾滋病毒诊所。我们从社会和卫生部 (MOH) 的角度建立了一个总成本最小化模型。我们比较了医生密集型随访(PF)(护理标准)与两种任务转移方法:护士密集型随访(NF)和药房工作人员密集型随访(PWF)。我们使用时间运动调查来估计人员和患者的时间使用情况。我们从 IDI 和文献中获得了单位成本。我们通过计算节省的全职等效 (FTE) 医生来估计医生人员的影响。我们对乌干达进行了国家预测。每名患者的年平均随访费用:PF 为 59.88 美元(社会)和 31.68 美元(医疗),NF 为 44.58 美元(社会)和 24.58 美元(医疗),PWF 为 18.66 美元(社会)和 10.5 美元(医疗)。使用 PF 的年度全国社会 ART 后续支出为 592 万美元,使用 NF 为 441 万美元,使用 PWF 为 185 万美元,使用 NF 每年可节省 151 万美元,使用 PWF 代替 PF 每年可节省 407 万美元。国家卫生部每年的 PF 支出为 314 万美元,NF 为 243 万美元,PWF 为 1.04 美元,使用 NF 可能节省 70 万美元,使用 PWF 代替 PF 可能节省 210 万美元。预计国家医师人员需求为 108 名 FTE 医生来实施 PF,18 名 FTE 医生来实施 NF 或 PWF。从 PF 到 NF 或 PWF 的任务转移可能会节省 90 名 FTE 医生,占全国医生队伍的 4.1%,或每 100,000 人减少 0.3 名 FTE 医生。在乌干达,任务转移可以节省大量的抗逆转录病毒治疗后续费用和医生人员,并有助于缓解卫生工作者危机。
Lower-income countries face severe health worker shortages. Recent evidence suggests that this problem can be mitigated by task-shifting--delegation of aspects of health care to less specialized health workers. We estimated the potential impact of task-shifting on costs of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and physician supply in Uganda. The study was performed at the Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI) clinic, a large urban HIV clinic. We built an aggregate cost-minimization model from societal and Ministry of Health (MOH) perspectives. We compared physician-intensive follow-up (PF), the standard of care, with two methods of task-shifting: nurse-intensive follow-up (NF) and pharmacy-worker intensive follow-up (PWF). We estimated personnel and patient time use using a time-motion survey. We obtained unit costs from IDI and the literature. We estimated physician personnel impact by calculating full time equivalent (FTE) physicians saved. We made national projections for Uganda. Annual mean costs of follow-up per patient were $59.88 (societal) and $31.68 (medical) for PF, $44.58 (societal) and $24.58 (medical) for NF and $18.66 (societal) and $10.5 (medical) for PWF. Annual national societal ART follow-up expenditure was $5.92 million using PF, $4.41 million using NF and $1.85 million using PWF, potentially saving $1.51 million annually by using NF and $4.07 million annually by using PWF instead of PF. Annual national MOH expenditure was $3.14 million for PF, $2.43 million for NF and $1.04 for PWF, potentially saving $0.70 million by using NF and $2.10 million by using PWF instead of PF. Projected national physician personnel needs were 108 FTE doctors to implement PF and 18 FTE doctors to implement NF or PWF. Task-shifting from PF to NF or PWF would potentially save 90 FTE physicians, 4.1% of the national physician workforce or 0.3 FTE physicians per 100,000 population. Task-shifting results in substantial cost and physician personnel savings in ART follow-up in Uganda and can contribute to mitigating the heath worker crisis.
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