mTOR Inhibition Restores Amino Acid Balance in Cells Dependent on Catabolism of Extracellular Protein.

mTOR Inhibition Restores Amino Acid Balance in Cells Dependent on Catabolism of Extracellular Protein.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2017.08.011
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发表时间:
2017-09-21
期刊:
影响因子:
16
通讯作者:
Rabinowitz JD
Rabinowitz JD
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nofal M;Zhang K;Han S;Rabinowitz JD

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通过巨噬细胞吞噬作用清除胞外蛋白是单体氨基酸摄取的替代方法。在胰腺癌中,巨噬细胞吞噬是由致癌的RAS信号驱动的,并对氨基酸供应有很大贡献。RAS信号促进清除,而mTOR信号抑制清除。在这里,我们提出了一种综合的实验-计算方法,可以定量比较不同细胞系和不同条件下的蛋白质清扫率。利用它,我们发现,与mTORC1无关,氨基酸缺乏诱导蛋白质清除,并且在这种条件下,mTOR信号对蛋白质清除速率的影响很小。然而,mTOR抑制促进了依赖于摄取胞外蛋白的细胞的生长。这种生长促进依赖于mTORC 1‘S在控制翻译速率方面的典型作用:mTOR抑制会减缓翻译,从而使蛋白质合成与有限的氨基酸供应相匹配。因此,矛盾的是,在缺乏氨基酸的条件下,mTORC1的促合成代谢作用在功能上与生长相反。细胞外蛋白质的分解代谢使肿瘤细胞能够在缺乏氨基酸的条件下生长。Nofal等人。研究表明,抑制mTORC1在这些条件下促进生长在很大程度上是通过减少蛋白质合成来保护有限的氨基酸库。
Scavenging of extracellular protein via macropinocytosis is an alternative to monomeric amino acid uptake. In pancreatic cancer, macropinocytosis is driven by oncogenic Ras signaling and contributes substantially to amino acid supply. While Ras signaling promotes scavenging, mTOR signaling suppresses it. Here, we present an integrated experimental-computational method that enables quantitative comparison of protein scavenging rates across cell lines and conditions. Using it, we find that, independently of mTORC1, amino acid scarcity induces protein scavenging and that under such conditions the impact of mTOR signaling on protein scavenging rate is minimal. Nevertheless, mTOR inhibition promotes growth of cells reliant on eating extracellular protein. This growth enhancement depends on mTORC1’s canonical function in controlling translation rate: mTOR inhibition slows translation, thereby matching protein synthesis to the limited amino acid supply. Thus, paradoxically, in amino acid-poor conditions the pro-anabolic effects of mTORC1 are functionally opposed to growth. Catabolism of extracellular protein enables tumor cells to grow in amino acid-poor conditions. Nofal et al. show that inhibition of mTORC1 promotes growth in these conditions in large part by reducing protein synthesis to preserve limited amino acid pools.
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