A review of strategies for wind damage assessment in Japanese forests
A review of strategies for wind damage assessment in Japanese forests
复制标题
日本森林风害评估策略综述
DOI：
10.1007/s10310-007-0005-0
复制
发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
N. Shiraishi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Kamimura;N. Shiraishi
为了最大限度地减少风害风险的森林管理需要尽可能准确地预测未来的风害。然而，日本以往的研究大多集中于实地观察，并未对各地区的损失进行广泛的估计。因此，本文旨在了解评估日本风灾的更好方法。首先，回顾了风害的基本描述，包括树木和林分倒塌的过程和类型。还描述了与风害相关的几个因素，包括生物因素和林分特征。其次，当前的风害风险评估方法分为（1）观察/经验方法、（2）统计方法和（3）机械方法。在目前的方法中，机械方法在利用树木和林分因风压而产生的机械行为来预测风害方面是可以接受的。第三，本文回顾了日本以往的案例研究，表明大多数风害研究都集中在特定的台风事件上。他们的结论可能很难应用于其他环境，以估计随着林分条件变化（稀疏、间隙产生等）的未来风害风险。因此，机械方法将是估计未来风害风险随站位条件变化的可能性的最有力方法之一。日本需要进一步研究开发风害风险评估方法，包括风（台风）现象导致的树木和林分的机械行为。
Forest management for minimizing wind damage risk requires predicting future wind damage as accurately as possible. However, previous studies carried out in Japan mostly focused on field observation and not on an extensive estimate of damage in various regions. This paper, therefore, aims to understand better approaches to the assessment of wind damage in Japan. First, basic descriptions of wind damage were reviewed including the process and types of tree and stand failures. Several factors relating to wind damage were also described including biological factors and stand characteristics. Second, the current methods of wind damage risk assessment were classified such as (1) observational/empirical, (2) statistical, and (3) mechanistic methods. Of the current methods, the mechanistic methods were acceptable in terms of their prediction of wind damage using the mechanistic behaviour of tree and stand as a result of wind pressure. Third, this paper reviewed previous case studies in Japan and showed that most studies of wind damage focused on particular typhoon events. Their conclusions might be difficult to apply to other settings for the estimation of future wind damage risk with the changes of stand condition (thinning, gap creation, etc.). Therefore, the mechanistic methods would be one of the most powerful approaches to estimate the possibility of future wind damage risk with changes of stand conditions. Further studies are required to develop the methods of wind damage risk assessment in Japan including the mechanical behaviour of tree and stand as a result of wind (typhoon) phenomena.