Beyond residential segregation: A spatiotemporal approach to examining multi-contextual segregation
Beyond residential segregation: A spatiotemporal approach to examining multi-contextual segregation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2018.05.001
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Kwan, Mei-Po
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Park, Yoo Min;Kwan, Mei-Po
种族隔离是美国主要城市持续存在的社会问题。有人可能会争辩说，种族/族裔隔离有一些积极的方面，例如维持族裔社区和社会关系或促进移徙进程(Peach 1996)。然而，从地理角度来看，一个地区或地区的种族多数和少数群体的隔离往往会产生歧视性的后果。例如，当自然和社会资源/基础设施或污染源在空间上分布不均匀时，群体之间的隔离意味着某些群体可能比其他群体更集中在环境不那么友好和资源更贫乏的地区。总体而言，少数族裔群体获得公共服务的机会有限，教育/就业机会和住房选择较少，遭受暴力和环境危害(如空气污染)的风险更大，这对他们的福祉和健康产生了不利影响。相比之下，人们在非住宅环境中经历的种族隔离知之甚少。对居住环境中的隔离的传统理解模糊了对塑造许多社会不平等问题的复杂和动态的社会空间机制的全面审查。此外，基于居住地和基于地点的隔离措施所固有的几个方法问题要求采用新的细粒度、以人为本的方法(Hägerstrand 1970)。本研究旨在促进隔离研究的概念化和方法论的进步。它超越了静态的居住隔离概念，提出了一种新的动态隔离概念，包括人们日常生活中不同地理和时间语境下的隔离，称为多语境隔离。它还提出了一种新的多背景隔离措施，可以解决传统措施中的方法论问题。这个
Segregation is an ongoing social problem in major US cities. One may argue that there are some positive aspects of racial/ethnic segregation, such as maintaining ethnic communities and social ties or facilitating the migration process (Peach 1996). From a geographic perspective, however, the segregation of the racial majority and minority groups of an area or region tend to have discriminatory consequences. For instance, when natural and social resources/infrastructure or polluting sources are not evenly distributed in space, the segregation between groups means that certain groups may be more clustered in environmentally less friendly and resource-poorer areas than the other groups. In general, racial minority groups have limited access to public services and fewer educational/employment opportunities and housing choices, and experience higher exposure to violence and environmental hazards (eg, air pollution) which have negative impacts on their well-being and health.Residential segregation has been well documented in the literature. In contrast, little is known about segregation that people experience in non-residential contexts. The traditional understanding of segregation within a residential context obscures a comprehensive examination of the complex and dynamic socio-spatial mechanisms shaping many social disparity issues. Further, several methodological problems inherent in residence-and place-based measures of segregation call for new fine-grained, people-based approaches (Hägerstrand 1970). This study aims to make advances in conceptualizations and methods in segregation research. Moving beyond static concepts of residential segregation, it proposes a new dynamic notion of segregation that includes segregation in various geographic and temporal contexts in people’s daily life, which is called multi-contextual segregation. It also suggests a new measure of multicontextual segregation that can address the methodological problems in traditional measures. The