The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO): overview of pilot measurements on ecosystem ecology, meteorology, trace gases, and aerosols
The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO): overview of pilot measurements on ecosystem ecology, meteorology, trace gases, and aerosols
复制标题
DOI：
10.5194/acp-15-10723-2015
复制
发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Yanez-Serrano, A. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andreae, M. O.;Acevedo, O. C.;Yanez-Serrano, A. M.
亚马逊流域在碳和水循环、气候变化、大气化学和生物多样性方面发挥着关键作用。人类活动已经使它发生了重大变化，预计在未来几十年内将发生更普遍的变化。因此，必须建立长期的测量点，提供目前气候、地球化学和大气条件的基线记录，并在今后几十年内运作，以监测亚马逊地区的变化，因为今后人类扰动会增加。位于马瑙斯市东北约150公里处。自2012年以来，两座80米高的塔楼已在该场地运营，一座325米高的塔楼将于2015年年中完工。在该场址周围的森林地区进行了生态调查，包括生物多样性评估。微气象和大气化学变量的测量始于2012年，其范围在过去几年中不断扩大。气象和微气象测量包括温度和风廓线、降水、水和能量通量、湍流分量、土壤温度廓线和土壤热通量、辐射通量和能见度。一棵树已被仪器化，以测量茎剖面的温度，光照强度和水分含量在隐花植物覆盖。痕量气体测量包括在五到八个不同高度连续监测二氧化碳、一氧化碳、甲烷和臭氧，并辅以在密集活动期间测量的各种额外物质（例如，VOC、NO、NO2和OH反应性）。气溶胶光学，微物理和化学测量正在进行以上的冠层，以及在冠层空间。它们包括气溶胶光散射和吸收、荧光、数量和体积尺寸分布、化学成分、云凝结核（CCN）浓度和吸湿性。在本文中，我们讨论了ATTO天文台的科学背景，并概述了生态，气象和化学试验研究的结果在ATTO网站。
The Amazon Basin plays key roles in the carbon and water cycles, climate change, atmospheric chemistry, and biodiversity. It has already been changed significantly by human activities, and more pervasive change is expected to occur in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to establish long-term measurement sites that provide a baseline record of present-day climatic, biogeochemical, and atmospheric conditions and that will be operated over coming decades to monitor change in the Amazon region, as human perturbations increase in the future.The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) has been set up in a pristine rain forest region in the central Amazon Basin, about 150 km northeast of the city of Manaus. Two 80 m towers have been operated at the site since 2012, and a 325 m tower is nearing completion in mid-2015. An ecological survey including a biodiversity assessment has been conducted in the forest region surrounding the site. Measurements of micrometeorological and atmospheric chemical variables were initiated in 2012, and their range has continued to broaden over the last few years. The meteorological and micrometeorological measurements include temperature and wind profiles, precipitation, water and energy fluxes, turbulence components, soil temperature profiles and soil heat fluxes, radiation fluxes, and visibility. A tree has been instrumented to measure stem profiles of temperature, light intensity, and water content in cryptogamic covers. The trace gas measurements comprise continuous monitoring of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ozone at five to eight different heights, complemented by a variety of additional species measured during intensive campaigns (e.g., VOC, NO, NO2, and OH reactivity). Aerosol optical, microphysical, and chemical measurements are being made above the canopy as well as in the canopy space. They include aerosol light scattering and absorption, fluorescence, number and volume size distributions, chemical composition, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, and hygroscopicity. In this paper, we discuss the scientific context of the ATTO observatory and present an overview of results from ecological, meteorological, and chemical pilot studies at the ATTO site.