The development and pilot testing of an adolescent bullying intervention in Indonesia - the ROOTS Indonesia program
The development and pilot testing of an adolescent bullying intervention in Indonesia - the ROOTS Indonesia program
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DOI：
10.1080/16549716.2019.1656905
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Minnick, Emilie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bowes, Lucy;Aryani, Farida;Minnick, Emilie
欺凌被认为是导致心理健康和教育结果不佳的最容易控制的风险因素之一，但在低收入和中等收入环境中，缺乏基于证据的干预措施。我们的目的是制定和评估青少年主导的学校干预措施的可行性，以减少印度尼西亚中学青少年中的欺凌行为。干预措施是在迭代阶段制定的：为当地情况确定有希望的干预措施；形成性参与性行动研究，将提议的内容和交付置于情境中；最后是两项试点研究，以评估南苏拉威西岛和中爪哇岛的可行性和可接受性。由此产生的干预结合了两个关键要素：1)学生驱动的设计，以影响学生的亲社会规范和行为；2)教师培训部分，旨在提高教师使用积极纪律实践的知识和自我效能感。在第一个试点研究中，我们收集了来自南苏拉威西四所学校的2075名学生的候补对照试验数据。初步研究表明，该干预措施具有良好的可行性和可接受性。我们发现在使用欺凌量表的形式时，欺凌受害者和犯罪者减少了。在第二项试点研究中，我们在中爪哇的八所学校进行了随机候补名单对照试验，共涉及5,517名学生。可行性和可接受性较好。定量研究结果则更为复杂，在控制学校和干预学校，欺凌行为和受害行为都有所增加。我们设计了一种干预措施，它是各种利益相关者都能接受的，可行的，可扩展的，并且有一个明确的改变理论，以青少年的社会规范为目标，推动行为改变。我们在不同的地点观察到不同的结果，表明可能需要进一步适应环境。需要一项完全随机对照试验来检验该方案的有效性和成本效益。
Bullying has been described as one of the most tractable risk factors for poor mental health and educational outcomes, yet there is a lack of evidence-based interventions for use in low and middle-income settings. We aimed to develop and assess the feasibility of an adolescent-led school intervention for reducing bullying among adolescents in Indonesian secondary schools. The intervention was developed in iterative stages: identifying promising interventions for the local context; formative participatory action research to contextualize proposed content and delivery; and finally two pilot studies to assess feasibility and acceptability in South Sulawesi and Central Java. The resulting intervention combines two key elements: 1) a student-driven design to influence students pro-social norms and behavior, and 2) a teacher-training component designed to enhance teacher's knowledge and self-efficacy for using positive discipline practices. In the first pilot study, we collected data from 2,075 students in a waitlist-controlled trial in four schools in South Sulawesi. The pilot study demonstrated good feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. We found reductions in bullying victimization and perpetration when using the Forms of Bullying Scale. In the second pilot study, we conducted a randomised waitlist controlled trial in eight schools in Central Java, involving a total of 5,517 students. The feasibility and acceptability were good. The quantitative findings were more mixed, with bullying perpetration and victimization increasing in both control and intervention schools. We have designed an intervention that is acceptable to various stakeholders, feasible to deliver, is designed to be scalable, and has a clear theory of change in which targeting adolescent social norms drives behavioral change. We observed mixed findings across different sites, indicating that further adaptation to context may be needed. A full-randomized controlled trial is required to examine effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the program.