Diatoms in drowning cases in forensic veterinary context: a preliminary study
Diatoms in drowning cases in forensic veterinary context: a preliminary study
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DOI：
10.1007/s00414-017-1565-y
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发表时间：
2017-11-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Pascali, V. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fucci, Nadia;Campobasso, Carlo P.;Pascali, V. L.
在这项初步研究中，一种用于法医背景的消化法提取硅藻的方法被应用于取自三种哺乳动物(一只鹿、一只卵和五只水獭)和一种鸟类(两只喜鹊)的10只野生动物的器官。只有四具身体是从水生环境(动物浴槽、浴缸灌溉、河流)中找到的，而且十分之三的死亡原因被排除为溺水。在7起死亡案例中，死亡原因是其他原因：一只水獭受枪伤，一只喜鹊遭受钝器创伤，其他四只水獭和一只鱼卵随后发生机动车碰撞。所有身体都进行了尸检。硅藻试验方案是根据意大利《内陆水域生态状况评估底栖硅藻分析指南》进行的。从所有的动物身体中提取了5克的肺、肝和肾。在某些情况下，还可以获得额外的组织样本，其中包括脑、心脏、脾和骨髓。在所有四起在水中发现的病例中，也都有溺水介质。通过过氧化氢(H_2O_2)消化，鉴定出21个属的硅藻。该方法适用于溺水动物器官中硅藻的鉴定，支持溺水的最终诊断。只有水獭都死于溺水以外的其他原因，硅藻不适合于溺水的诊断，因为它们在内脏中的存在主要与它们以鱼粉为基础的主要食物有关。作者认为，这一首次试验是非常有前景的，结果表明，硅藻试验可以很容易地应用于法医兽医领域。
In this preliminary study, a digestive method used in forensic context to extract diatoms has been applied in organs taken from ten wildlife animals belonging three species of mammals (a deer, a roe and five otters) and one species of birds (two magpies). Only four carcasses were recovered from aquatic environments (bath trough for animals, bathtub irrigation, river) and only in three cases out of ten that the cause of death was ruled out as drowning. In seven cases, the death was due to other causes: gunshot injuries for one otter, blunt trauma for a magpie, and traumatic injuries followed by motor vehicle collision in other four otters and a roe. Post-mortem examination was performed in all carcasses. The diatom test protocol was performed according to the Italian guidelines for analysis of benthic diatoms for ecological status assessment of inland waters. Five grams of lung, liver, and kidney was taken from all the animal carcasses. In some cases, additional tissue samples were also available among which brain, heart, spleen, and bone marrow. In all four cases found in water, the drowning medium was also available. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) digestion was performed, and identification of 21 genera of diatoms was obtained. The method proved to be suitable for the identification of diatoms in the organs of the animals drowned supporting the final diagnosis of drowning. Only in otters, all died for causes other than drowning, diatoms did not prove to be suitable for the diagnosis of drowning since their presence in the internal organs was mainly related to their main diet based on fishmeal. The authors believe that this first trial is very promising, and the results suggest that diatom test can be easily applied in forensic veterinary context.