The Path to European Integration
The Path to European Integration
复制标题
欧洲一体化之路
DOI：
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Pierson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Pierson
欧洲共同体的观察家批评“政府间主义”的说法夸大了成员国对欧洲一体化的控制程度。本文的理由，这些批评的历史制度主义的分析，强调需要研究欧洲一体化作为一个过程，随着时间的推移展开。控制权的丧失不仅来自超国家组织的自主行动，也来自成员国对短期问题的关注、普遍存在的意外后果以及成员国政策偏好的不稳定性。一旦出现控制差距，与社会适应相关的抵制变革的决策规则和沉没成本使成员国难以重申其权威。对欧共体社会政策演变的简要考察表明，将欧共体视为促进主权国家集体行动的工具是有局限性的。相反，一体化应被视为一个路径依赖的过程，产生一个支离破碎但可辨别的多层次欧洲政体。
Observers of the European Community have criticized “intergovernmentalist” accounts for exaggerating the extent of member-state control over European integration. This article grounds these criticisms in a historical institutionalist analysis, stressing the need to study European integration as a process that unfolds over time. Losses of control result not only from the autonomous actions of supranational organizations, but from member-state preoccupation with short-term concerns, the ubiquity of unintended consequences, and the instability of member-state policy preferences. Once gaps in control emerge, change-resistant decision rules and sunk costs associated with societal adaptations make it difficult for member states to reassert their authority. Brief examination of the evolution of EC social policy suggests the limitations of treating the EC as an instrument facilitating collective action among sovereign states. Rather, integration should be viewed as a path-dependent process producing a fragmented but discernible multitiered European polity.