A Multidimensional Approach: Poverty Measurement & Beyond
A Multidimensional Approach: Poverty Measurement & Beyond
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DOI：
10.1007/s11205-013-0257-3
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发表时间：
2013-06-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Emma Santos, Maria
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alkire, Sabina;Emma Santos, Maria
贫困可能一直被理解为一个多维度的问题，但传统上它是用一个维度来衡量的：收入。 1 假设收入水平可以很好地反映人们是否能够在营养、服装和住房等各个方面达到某些最低阈值。 2 近年来，人们对收入贫困衡量标准的不足日益达成共识（Sen 1992）。首先，一些重要的需求在市场上没有得到满足，或者市场功能很不完善。在这些情况下，需要非市场商品或机构来满足这些需求。其中一个例子是获得清洁水和教育，有时由国家或非政府组织提供。其次，每个家庭将收入转化为功能的能力不同。在一个层面上，问题在于将收入转化为资源：残疾人家庭、远离市场和公共服务的农村地区的家庭、教育水平很低或拥有高息贷款的家庭可能无法获得理论上他们应该能够用其收入获得的一揽子商品和服务。
Poverty has probably always been understood as a multidimensional problem, yet traditionally it has been measured with one dimension: income. 1 The assumption was that the income level could capture fairly well whether people were able to achieve certain minimum thresholds in a variety of dimensions such as nutrition, clothing and housing. 2 In recent years there has been a growing consensus regarding the insufficiency of income poverty measures (Sen 1992). In the first place, some important needs are not satisfied in the market, or markets function very imperfectly. In those cases, non-market goods or institutions are required to provide for those needs. One example of this is access to clean water and education, which are sometimes provided by the state or NGOs. Second, each household has a different capacity to convert income into functionings. At one level, the problem is converting income to resources: households with disabled people, households in rural areas far away from markets and public services, and households with very low educational levels or with high interest loans may not be able to access the basket of goods and services that in theory they should be able to access with the income they earn.