Holocene denudation rates from the superhumid southernmost Chilean Patagonian Andes (53°S) deduced from lake sediment budgets
Holocene denudation rates from the superhumid southernmost Chilean Patagonian Andes (53°S) deduced from lake sediment budgets
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根据湖泊沉积物预算推导出超湿润智利最南端巴塔哥尼亚安第斯山脉（南纬 53°）的全新世剥蚀率
DOI：
10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.01.009
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Kilian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Breuer;Kilian
在巴塔哥尼亚安第斯山脉最南端的过湿和温带气候中，全新世剥蚀率及其区域变化的调查很少。因此，我们调查了智利最南端53°S的五个小湖泊流域(0.11-1.62 km2)的剥蚀量，降雨量从600mmyr；9000mmyr−1到53°S。剥蚀率的变化可以通过使用小流域和短时间跨度(全新世)来最准确地定义，因此可以与不同的基岩类型、植被覆盖、海拔和气候有关。根据沉积物测深仪数据和沉积物岩心的物理性质，根据沉积物收支确定了最小物理剥蚀率。全新世剥蚀速率从高度升高的裸露花岗岩集水区的0.08 mm kyr−1到以沉积岩为基底的低植被集水区的9.01 mm kyr−1不等。这些数值与挪威、瑞典和冰岛西北部类似地区的数值相当。研究区年降水量大，对剥蚀影响不大。在副冰川条件下，地貌活动增强导致冰川退缩后剥蚀速度加快，直到碎屑、冰川碎屑被移走或集水区被植被覆盖。基岩和湖泊沉积物的化学对比表明，在泥炭土壤和低土壤水pH值为3至5的集水区，存在明显的化学剥蚀作用。全新世地表下降速率平均比根据南安第斯山脉裂变径迹数据计算的新生代地表下降速率低200倍。这种差异可以用冰川时期显著较高的侵蚀速度来解释。
Holocene denudation rates and their regional variations in the superhumid and temperate climate of the southernmost Patagonian Andes are poorly surveyed. Therefore we have investigated denudation in five small lake catchments (0.11–1.62km2) across a precipitation gradient from 600 to >9000mmyr−1in southernmost Chile at 53°S. Variations in denudation rates can be defined most precisely by using small catchments and short time spans (Holocene) thus can be related to variable bedrock types, vegetation cover, elevation, and climate. Minimum physical denudation rates were determined from sediment budgets based on sediment echosounder data and physical properties of sediment cores. The Holocene denudation rates vary from 0.08mmkyr−1in the highly elevated, bare granitic rock catchments to 9.01mmkyr−1in the low and vegetated catchments with a basement of sedimentary rocks. These values are comparable with those from similar areas in Norway, Sweden, and NW Iceland. The high annual precipitation in the study area has only a minor effect on denudation. Enhanced geomorphic activity during paraglacial conditions caused a faster denudation after the glacier retreat until either the clastic, glacial detritus was removed or the catchment was covered with vegetation. Chemical comparisons between basement rocks and lake sediments indicate a pronounced chemical denudation in catchments with peaty soils and low soil water pH values of 3 to 5. The Holocene surface lowering rates are on average 200 fold lower than Cenozoic surface lowering rates calculated from fission-track data for the southern Andes. This discrepancy can be explained by significantly higher erosion rates during glacial periods.
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