Numerosity estimation in visual stimuli in the absence of luminance-based cues.

Numerosity estimation in visual stimuli in the absence of luminance-based cues.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0017378
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发表时间:
2011-02-28
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Zorzi M
Zorzi M
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kramer P;Di Bono MG;Zorzi M

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数字估计是人类与许多动物共享的一种基本的前语言能力,被认为是计算技能的基础。然而,要确定数量估计是基于数量本身还是基于一个或多个非数字线索(如视觉刺激中的空间范围和密度)是非常困难的。通常,不同的非数字线索在不同的试验中保持不变。然而,这种策略仍然允许基于非数字线索的组合而不是基于任何特定的线索本身来估计数量。在这里,我们介绍了一种新的方法,二阶(基于对比度)的视觉运动的基础上,创造刺激,排除所有的一阶(亮度为基础的)线索的数字。我们表明,在二阶运动中,可以估计的数字几乎以及在一阶运动。结果表明,数量估计不需要基于一阶空间滤波,一阶密度感知,或任何其他处理的亮度为基础的线索的数量。该方法可以作为控制非数值变量的有效工具,用于数值估计的研究。
Numerosity estimation is a basic preverbal ability that humans share with many animal species and that is believed to be foundational of numeracy skills. It is notoriously difficult, however, to establish whether numerosity estimation is based on numerosity itself, or on one or more non-numerical cues like—in visual stimuli—spatial extent and density. Frequently, different non-numerical cues are held constant on different trials. This strategy, however, still allows numerosity estimation to be based on a combination of non-numerical cues rather than on any particular one by itself. Here we introduce a novel method, based on second-order (contrast-based) visual motion, to create stimuli that exclude all first-order (luminance-based) cues to numerosity. We show that numerosities can be estimated almost as well in second-order motion as in first-order motion. The results show that numerosity estimation need not be based on first-order spatial filtering, first-order density perception, or any other processing of luminance-based cues to numerosity. Our method can be used as an effective tool to control non-numerical variables in studies of numerosity estimation.
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影响因子: 1.8
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