Assessment of sulfurous springs in the west of Iraq for balneotherapy, drinking, irrigation and aquaculture purposes
Assessment of sulfurous springs in the west of Iraq for balneotherapy, drinking, irrigation and aquaculture purposes
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DOI：
10.1007/s10653-013-9555-6
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发表时间：
2014-06
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Salih Muhammad Awadh;Sura Abdul Al-Ghani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Salih Muhammad Awadh;Sura Abdul Al-Ghani
本研究涉及伊拉克西部幼发拉底河流域沿着含硫泉水沃茨，该地区位于安巴尔省哈格拉尼耶和希特之间。为了对洗浴、饮用、灌溉和水产养殖（养鱼）用水进行评价，对11个泉水（3个在Haqlanya，4个在Kubaysa，4个在Hit）进行了处理。为了达到本研究的目的，对所有泉水进行了取样和分析，包括总溶解固体、电导率、pH值、温度、主要阳离子（Ca 2+、Mg 2+、Na+和K+），主要阴离子（SO 42 −、Cl−、HCO 3 −和CO 32 −），次要阴离子（PO 43-和NO3-）以及微量元素Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni、Fe、Mn、Cu、Br、F、Ba、B、Sr、Al、As、Cr、Hg和Se。世界卫生组织的国际标准用于评价水质。结果表明，该泉属27-30 °C的温热泉，属低温温泉。岩石化学和地球化学过程明显影响水化学。水文地球化学作用通过碳酸盐和石膏的化学溶解以及蒸发作用使水体中元素富集。研究结果表明，泉水可以用于治疗目的，但不允许用于饮用和水产养殖（养鱼），除非不含H2S气体。另一方面，它可以用于有风险的灌溉。然而，土壤类型以及适当的植物选择应予以考虑。
This research deals with the sulfurous spring waters flow along the course of the Euphrates River in western Iraq in the area extended between Haqlaniya and Hit within the Al-Anbar governorate. Eleven springs (3 in Haqlanya, 4 in Kubaysa and 4 in Hit) have been addressed for the purpose of water evaluation for balneology, drinking, irrigation and aquaculture (fish farming). In order to meet the objectives of this research, all springs were sampled and analyzed for the total dissolved solid, electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+and K+), major anions (SO42−, Cl−, HCO3−and CO32−), minor anions (PO43−and NO3−) as well as the trace elements that included Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu, Br, F, Ba, B, Sr, Al, As, Cr, Hg and Se. The International Standards of World Health Organization are used for assessing the water quality. The results revealed that the springs belong to the tepid springs of 27–30 °C and classified as hypothermal to the thermal springs. Lithochemistry and geochemical processes clearly affected the water chemistry. The hydrogeochemical processes are responsible for the element enrichment in water by the chemical dissolution of carbonate and gypsum and evaporation as well. The results of the study indicate the possibility of using spring water for therapeutic purposes, but not allowed for drinking and aquaculture (fish farming), except those free of H2S gas. On the other hand, it can be used for irrigation with risk. However, soil type as well as proper selection of plants should be taken into consideration.