Projection-based runtime assertions for testing and debugging Quantum programs
Projection-based runtime assertions for testing and debugging Quantum programs
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用于测试和调试 Quantum 程序的基于投影的运行时断言
DOI：
10.1145/3428218
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Xie, Yuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Gushu;Zhou, Li;Yu, Nengkun;Ding, Yufei;Ying, Mingsheng;Xie, Yuan
在本文中，我们提出了Proq，一个运行时断言方案，用于在量子计算机上测试和调试量子程序。Proq中的谓词由投影（或等价地，状态空间的闭子空间）表示，遵循Birkhoff-von Neumann量子逻辑。量子态对投影的满意度可以通过少量的投影测量而不是大量的重复执行来直接检查。在理论方面，我们严格证明了检查基于投影的断言可以帮助定位错误或统计上确保测试程序的语义功能接近我们的期望，无论是精确的还是近似的量子程序。在实践方面，我们考虑了硬件约束，并引入了几种技术来转换断言，使它们可以直接在测量受限的量子计算机上执行。我们还建议使用本地投影技术来实现简化的断言实现，并保证可靠性。我们比较Proq与现有的量子程序断言，并证明Proq的有效性和效率，其应用程序断言两个复杂的量子算法，Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd算法和Shor算法。
In this paper, we propose Proq, a runtime assertion scheme for testing and debugging quantum programs on a quantum computer. The predicates in Proq are represented by projections (or equivalently, closed subspaces of the state space), following Birkhoff-von Neumann quantum logic. The satisfaction of a projection by a quantum state can be directly checked upon a small number of projective measurements rather than a large number of repeated executions. On the theory side, we rigorously prove that checking projection-based assertions can help locate bugs or statistically assure that the semantic function of the tested program is close to what we expect, for both exact and approximate quantum programs. On the practice side, we consider hardware constraints and introduce several techniques to transform the assertions, making them directly executable on the measurement-restricted quantum computers. We also propose to achieve simplified assertion implementation using local projection technique with soundness guaranteed. We compare Proq with existing quantum program assertions and demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of Proq by its applications to assert two sophisticated quantum algorithms, the Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd algorithm and Shor’s algorithm.
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