Horses Categorize Human Emotions Cross-Modally Based on Facial Expression and Non-Verbal Vocalizations
Horses Categorize Human Emotions Cross-Modally Based on Facial Expression and Non-Verbal Vocalizations
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DOI：
10.3390/ani9110862
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发表时间：
2019-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Lansade, Lea
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Trosch, Milena;Cuzol, Florent;Lansade, Lea
最近，越来越多的研究调查了非人类动物的情绪表达和感知。特别地，感兴趣的是确定动物是否可以将不同模态的情感刺激（例如，视觉的和口头的）基于所表达的情感（即，跨模态地识别情绪）。对于那些与人类关系密切的家养物种，我们甚至会怀疑这种能力是否延伸到人类的情感上。在这里，我们调查了国内马是否认识到人类的情绪跨模态。我们同时呈现了两张人类面部表情的动画图片，一张是典型的喜悦，另一张是愤怒;同时，一位演讲者播放了人类表达喜悦或愤怒的非语言声音。马看的图片与发声的情感不匹配（可能是因为它们对这种矛盾的组合很感兴趣）。此外，他们的行为和心率不同取决于发声：他们对愤怒的发声反应更消极，对喜悦的发声反应更积极。这些结果表明，马可以匹配相同的情感的视觉和声音线索，并可以感知人类的非语言vocalizations.Abstract：在过去的几年中，越来越多的研究旨在获得更多的洞察力到该领域的动物情感。特别是，确定动物是否可以跨模态地对其他动物的情绪进行分类是很有意义的。对于与人类有着密切关系的家畜来说，我们可能想知道这种跨模态的情绪识别是否也延伸到人类身上。在这项研究中，我们测试了马是否可以识别人类的情绪和属性的视觉（面部表情）和声乐（非语言发声）刺激的情感价相同的感知类别。两个不同面部表情（愤怒和喜悦）的动画图片同时呈现给马，而扬声器播放与两个面部表情之一相匹配的情感人类非语言发声。马更多地看着与发声不一致的图片，可能是因为它们对这种矛盾的组合很感兴趣。此外，马的反应与发声的效价一致，无论是在行为上还是在生理上（心率）。这些结果表明，马可以跨模态识别人类的情绪，并对人类的情绪状态做出情绪反应，通过非语言发声进行评估。
Simple Summary: Recently, an increasing number of studies have investigated the expression and perception of emotions by non-human animals. In particular, it is of interest to determine whether animals can link emotion stimuli of different modalities (e.g., visual and oral) based on the emotions that are expressed (i.e., to recognize emotions cross-modally). For domestic species that share a close relationship with humans, we might even wonder whether this ability extends to human emotions. Here, we investigated whether domestic horses recognize human emotions cross-modally. We simultaneously presented two animated pictures of human facial expressions, one typical of joy and the other of anger; simultaneously, a speaker played a human non-verbal vocalization expressing joy or anger. Horses looked at the picture that did not match the emotion of the vocalization more (probably because they were intrigued by the paradoxical combination). Moreover, their behavior and heart rate differed depending on the vocalization: they reacted more negatively to the anger vocalization and more positively to the joy vocalization. These results suggest that horses can match visual and vocal cues for the same emotion and can perceive the emotional valence of human non-verbal vocalizations.Abstract: Over the last few years, an increasing number of studies have aimed to gain more insight into the field of animal emotions. In particular, it is of interest to determine whether animals can cross-modally categorize the emotions of others. For domestic animals that share a close relationship with humans, we might wonder whether this cross-modal recognition of emotions extends to humans, as well. In this study, we tested whether horses could recognize human emotions and attribute the emotional valence of visual (facial expression) and vocal (non-verbal vocalization) stimuli to the same perceptual category. Two animated pictures of different facial expressions (anger and joy) were simultaneously presented to the horses, while a speaker played an emotional human non-verbal vocalization matching one of the two facial expressions. Horses looked at the picture that was incongruent with the vocalization more, probably because they were intrigued by the paradoxical combination. Moreover, horses reacted in accordance with the valence of the vocalization, both behaviorally and physiologically (heart rate). These results show that horses can cross-modally recognize human emotions and react emotionally to the emotional states of humans, assessed by non-verbal vocalizations.