Feminist perspectives on the history of humanitarian relief (1870–1945)
Feminist perspectives on the history of humanitarian relief (1870–1945)
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女权主义对人道主义救济历史的看法（1870-1945）
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Leyder
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dolores Martín;B. Edgar;M. Leyder
本文以女权主义视角为出发点，不仅试图将女性作为人道主义救济史上的主要行动者进行整合，还试图理解从普法战争到二战期间，女性对受害者的援助是一种情境知识，这种知识与护理概念广泛相关，通过实施诸如包扎伤口、接种疫苗、为弱势群体提供食物和衣服等做法。这种政治和认识论的立场使我们能够分析女性人道主义者作为一种关怀力量的作用，这种关怀力量涉及西方帝国历史上强烈的性别、阶级、宗教和殖民权力关系。此外，我们的女权主义方法使我们能够解构本质主义的观点，通过这种观点，女性人道主义者经常被描绘成富有同情心的母亲或慈爱的天使，并将她们与西方帝国的共谋以及对男性代表和政治和医学代表的抵制的对比经历置于背景之下。远非英雄主义的表现，女性人道主义者不得不在复杂的全球等级制度中航行，尽管这并不一定与她们关于女性解放的梦想发生冲突。
ABSTRACT Taking a Feminist perspective as a starting point, this introductory piece seeks not only to integrate women as the main agents within the history of humanitarian relief, but also to understand their assistance to victims, from the Franco-Prussian War to WWII, as a type of situated knowledge which was broadly associated with the notion of care through the implementation of practices such as dressing wounds, vaccinating, feeding and clothing vulnerable populations. This political and epistemological position allows us to analyse the agency of women humanitarians as a caring power involving strong gender, class, religious and colonial power relations within the history of Western Empires. Furthermore, our Feminist approach enables us to deconstruct the essentialist vision through which women humanitarians have frequently been depicted as compassionate mothers or loving angels, as well as to contextualize their contrasting experiences of complicity with Western Empires and resistance to male delegates and political and medical representatives. Far from heroic representations, women humanitarians had to navigate through complex global hierarchies although this did not necessarily come into conflict with their dreams about female emancipation.