Surgery, Science and Modernity: Operating Rooms and Laboratories as Spaces of Control
Surgery, Science and Modernity: Operating Rooms and Laboratories as Spaces of Control
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外科、科学与现代性：手术室和实验室作为控制空间
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
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通讯作者：
T. Schlich
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文献类型：
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作者：
T. Schlich
在本文中，我采取了一个新的角度对历史的手术室作为现代外科实践的关键网站。为此，我将另一个空间--实验室--的历史作为背景，从而将两个迄今为止基本上保持独立的学术领域联系起来。我将重新审视这两个领域的文献，并通过借鉴历史学、社会学和科学技术研究的方法进一步加以研究。添加一些示例性的来源，我分析了操作设置的历史，并讨论了它们与实验室的共同点，以及随着时间的推移，这两个空间如何相互影响。绕道实验室将使手术室发展的某些特征更好地显现出来。最重要的是，它将有助于将现代手术室描述为一个控制空间，非常像现代实验室。这种解释超出了通常对手术室设计的无菌要求的解释。无菌可以被描述为更广泛的控制目的的一个方面。反过来，控制的目的是现代社会发展中的一种普遍现象。正如结论中所指出的那样，沿着这些路线进行分析沿着可能会开辟新的途径，将现代外科学的历史作为现代工业化社会更普遍发展的一个要素来考察。像任何建筑设计分析一样，手术室的历史提出了如何处理功能与意义的问题。在我的论证中，首先，我将研究外科医生如何改变手术空间，以实现对工作条件的更多控制，从而控制他们试图操纵的身体。重点将放在具体、实际地增加技术力量上。然而，我也将讨论空间组织和设计的象征性维度，并提出一种方法来处理实际和象征性之间的关系，更普遍地解释医疗空间。
In this paper, I take a new perspective on the history of operating rooms as the key site of modern surgical practices. For this purpose, I draw the parallel with the history of another space, the laboratory, as a backdrop, thus linking up two fields of scholarship that have remained mostly separate until now. I will re-examine the literatures of both fields and take them further by drawing on approaches from history, sociology, and science and technology studies. Adding a few exemplary sources, I analyse the history of operating settings and discuss what they have in common with laboratories and how both spaces influenced each other over time. Taking the detour through the laboratory will make certain features in the development of operating rooms better visible. Above all, it will help to characterize the modern operating room as a space of control, very much like the modern laboratory. This interpretation goes beyond the usual explanation of operating room design as shaped by the requirements of asepsis. Asepsis can be characterized as just one aspect of the broader purpose of control. The purpose of control, in turn, is a general phenomenon in the development of modern societies. As pointed out in the conclusion, an analysis along these lines might open up new ways of examining the history of modern surgery as one element of a more general development in modern, industrialized societies. Like any analysis of architectural design, the history of operating rooms raises the issue of how to deal with the dimension of function versus meaning. In my line of argument I will, in the first instance, look at how changes in the spaces used for surgery were part of surgeons’ strategy to achieve more control over their working conditions and thus over the bodies they sought to manipulate. The focus will be on the concrete, practical increase in technical power. However, I will also discuss the symbolic dimension of spatial organization and design and suggest a way to deal with the relationship between the practical and the symbolic in interpreting medical spaces more generally.