Functional projection: How fundamental social motives can bias interpersonal perception
Functional projection: How fundamental social motives can bias interpersonal perception
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.88.1.63
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Schaller, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maner, JK;Kenrick, DT;Schaller, M
两个实验研究的结果表明，自我保护和寻找配偶的目标会导致在与目标相关的社会目标中感知到功能相关的情绪表达。启动自我保护目标会让参与者在黑人男性面孔(研究1)和阿拉伯人面孔(研究2)上感觉到更大的愤怒，这两个群体都是启发式地与身体威胁相关的。在研究2中，参与者隐含的阿拉伯威胁关联水平缓和了这种偏见。激活一个寻找配偶的目标会导致男性参与者，而不是女性参与者，在有吸引力的异性目标中感觉到更多的性唤醒(研究1)。激活这些目标不会影响对目标无关目标的看法。此外，有长期自我保护和寻找配偶目标的参与者也表现出类似的偏见。研究结果与功能主义的、基于动机的人际知觉解释是一致的。
Results from 2 experimental studies suggest that self-protection and mate-search goals lead to the perception of functionally relevant emotional expressions in goal-relevant social targets. Activating a self-protection goal led participants to perceive greater anger in Black male faces (Study 1) and Arab faces (Study 2), both out-groups heuristically associated with physical threat. In Study 2, participants' level of implicit Arab-threat associations moderated this bias. Activating a mate-search goal led male, but not female, participants to perceive more sexual arousal in attractive opposite-sex targets (Study 1). Activating these goals did not influence perceptions of goal-irrelevant targets. Additionally, participants with chronic self-protective and mate-search goals exhibited similar biases. Findings are consistent with a functionalist, motivation-based account of interpersonal perception.