Information Privacy: Corporate Management and National Regulation
Information Privacy: Corporate Management and National Regulation
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信息隐私：企业管理和国家监管
DOI：
10.1287/orsc.11.1.35.12567
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Sandra J. Burke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sandra J. Milberg;H. J. Smith;Sandra J. Burke
20世纪90年代，人们对信息隐私的兴趣重新抬头。民意调查显示，许多公民越来越担心他们的信息隐私受到威胁，这种担忧达到了历史最高水平。也许是为了回应公民日益增长的关注，媒体正在更加关注隐私问题，许多国家的政府对公司隐私环境的监管也在增加。几乎所有发达国家都在努力权衡开放获取信息----这有助于提高经济效率----与个人隐私权之间的利弊。与这些权衡相一致，最近的许多事件表明，信息隐私的监管方法，个人数据的企业管理和消费者的反应正在世界各地紧密交织在一起。为了深入了解这些关系，我们开发了一个概念模型，并测试它与来自19个不同国家的跨文化样本。一般来说，我们发现，一个国家的监管方法，以企业管理的信息隐私的影响，其文化价值观和个人的信息隐私的关注。此外，随着政府越来越多地参与企业对信息隐私的管理，对此类问题的内部管理似乎越来越严格。这一结果支持了以前的观察，即大多数公司采取主要是被动的方法来管理隐私，等待外部威胁，然后制定有凝聚力的政策，面对他们的信息实践。此外，当企业被认为没有充分管理信息隐私问题时，和/或当隐私问题上升时，个人更倾向于选择政府干预，不信任企业的自我监管。因此，公民可能希望立法者制定更严格的法规，以减少他们对隐私的担忧。这些研究结果和几个国际趋势表明，自我监管模式的隐私治理可能无法长期持续下去。这项研究的结果构成了一个重要的贡献，新兴的理论基础的信息隐私研究，并应特别启发那些管理信息隐私问题。最后对今后的研究方向进行了展望。
The 1990s have seen a resurgence of interest in information privacy. Public opinion surveys show that many citizens are becoming greatly concerned about threats to their information privacy, with levels of such concern reaching all-time highs. Perhaps as a response to the growing concerns of citizens, the media are devoting more attention to privacy issues, and governmental regulation of the corporate privacy environment is increasing in many countries. Almost all developed countries have grappled with the trade-offs between open access to information--which enables economic efficiency--and an individual's right to privacy. Consistent with these trade-offs, many recent incidents suggest that regulatory approaches to information privacy, corporate management of personal data, and consumer reactions are becoming tightly interwoven around the world. To provide some insights into these relationships, we develop a conceptual model and test it with a cross-cultural sample from 19 different countries.In general, we find that a country's regulatory approach to the corporate management of information privacy is affected by its cultural values and by individuals' information privacy concerns. In addition, as governments become more involved in the corporate management of information privacy, internal management of such issues seems to tighten. This result supports previous observations that most firms take a primarily reactive approach to managing privacy by waiting for an external threat before crafting cohesive policies that confront their information practices. Moreover, when corporations are not perceived to adequately manage information privacy issues, and/or when privacy concerns rise, individuals are more inclined to prefer government intervention and be distrustful of firm self-regulation. As such, citizens may look to lawmakers to enact stricter regulation to reduce their privacy concerns. These findings and several international trends suggest that the self-regulatory model of privacy governance may not be sustainable over the long term.Findings from this research constitute an important contribution to the emerging theoretical base of information privacy research and should be particularly enlightening to those managing information privacy issues. Several directions for future research are also discussed.