Dysregulated Tim-3 expression on natural killer cells is associated with increased Galectin-9 levels in HIV-1 infection.

Dysregulated Tim-3 expression on natural killer cells is associated with increased Galectin-9 levels in HIV-1 infection.
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DOI:
10.1186/1742-4690-10-74
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发表时间:
2013-07-18
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Addo MM
Addo MM
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jost S;Moreno-Nieves UY;Garcia-Beltran WF;Rands K;Reardon J;Toth I;Piechocka-Trocha A;Altfeld M;Addo MM

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自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞持续表达高水平的 Tim-3,这是一种免疫调节分子,最近被提议作为成熟和功能性 NK 细胞的标记。 HIV-1 感染是否调节 NK 细胞上 Tim-3 的表达或其配体半乳糖凝集素 9 (Gal-9) 的水平,以及通过这些分子的信号传导如何影响 NK 细胞对 HIV-1 的反应,目前仍不清楚。我们分析了 85 名早期和慢性 HIV-1 感染者以及 13 名 HIV-1 血清阴性对照受试者中 Tim-3 和 Gal-9 的表达。 HIV-1 感染与 NK 细胞上 Tim-3 表达减少有关,HAART 可使这种表达减少。 HIV-1 感染者的 Gal-9 血浆浓度高于健康人。有趣的是,免疫细胞中 Gal-9 的表达在感染早期显着升高,其中单核细胞和树突状细胞的表达水平最高,这与 HIV-1 病毒载量相关。在体外,Gal-9 触发 Tim-3 对 NK 细胞的下调以及 NK 细胞的激活。我们的数据表明,早期 HIV-1 感染期间 Gal-9 的高表达水平可以导致 NK 细胞活性增强,从而可能改善对 HIV-1 的早期控制。相反,持续的 Gal-9 产生可能会损害 Tim-3 活性,并导致慢性 HIV-1 感染中的 NK 细胞功能障碍。
Natural killer (NK) cells constitutively express high levels of Tim-3, an immunoregulatory molecule recently proposed to be a marker for mature and functional NK cells. Whether HIV-1 infection modulates the expression of Tim-3 on NK cells, or the levels of its ligand Galectin-9 (Gal-9), and how signaling through these molecules affects the NK cell response to HIV-1 remains inadequately understood. We analyzed Tim-3 and Gal-9 expression in a cohort of 85 individuals with early and chronic HIV-1 infection, and in 13 HIV-1 seronegative control subjects. HIV-1 infection was associated with reduced expression of Tim-3 on NK cells, which was normalized by HAART. Plasma concentrations of Gal-9 were higher in HIV-1-infected individuals than in healthy individuals. Interestingly, Gal-9 expression in immune cells was significantly elevated in early infection, with monocytes and dendritic cells displaying the highest expression levels, which correlated with HIV-1 viral loads. In vitro, Gal-9 triggered Tim-3 downregulation on NK cells as well as NK cell activation. Our data suggest that high expression levels of Gal-9 during early HIV-1 infection can lead to enhanced NK cell activity, possibly allowing for improved early control of HIV-1. In contrast, persistent Gal-9 production might impair Tim-3 activity and contribute to NK cell dysfunction in chronic HIV-1 infection.
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