Analysis of GMRES for Low‐Rank and Small‐Norm Perturbations of the Identity Matrix

Analysis of GMRES for Low‐Rank and Small‐Norm Perturbations of the Identity Matrix
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单位矩阵低秩和小范数扰动的 GMRES 分析

DOI:
10.1002/pamm.202200267
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
PAMM
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Embree, Mark
Embree, Mark
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Carr, Arielle K.;de Sturler, Eric;Embree, Mark

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在许多应用中,线性系统的系数矩阵采用特殊形式I +K+E,其中I是n维单位矩阵,秩(K)=p <$n,且<$E <$≤ <$< 1。系数矩阵为I + K和I + E形式的线性系统的GMRES收敛速度由众所周知的理论保证,但目前只存在I +K+ E形式的矩阵的相对较弱的收敛界。本文通过考虑I +K的伪谱,研究了具有这类系数矩阵的线性方程组的收敛性。当近似求解线性方程组(I+K+E)x=band时,我们得到了GMRES残差的一个界,并确定了I + K对扰动敏感的特征值。特别是,虽然远离原点的聚类谱通常是快速GMRES收敛的良好指标,但当其中一些特征值处于病态时,收敛可能会很慢。我们发现,可以有最多2 peigen值的I + K是敏感的小扰动。我们提出的数值结果时,使用GMRES解决一系列的线性系统的形式(I+Kj+Ej)xj= bj所产生的应用Broyden的方法来解决一个非线性偏微分方程。
In many applications, linear systems arise where the coefficient matrix takes the special formI+K+E, whereIis the identity matrix of dimensionn, rank(K) =p≪n, and ∥E∥ ≤ ϵ < 1. GMRES convergence rates for linear systems with coefficient matrices of the formsI+KandI+Eare guaranteed by well‐known theory, but only relatively weak convergence bounds specific to matrices of the formI+K+Ecurrently exist. In this paper, we explore the convergence properties of linear systems with such coefficient matrices by considering the pseudospectrum ofI+K. We derive a bound for the GMRES residual in terms of ϵ when approximately solving the linear system (I+K+E)x=band identify the eigenvalues ofI+Kthat are sensitive to perturbation. In particular, while a clustered spectrum away from the origin is often a good indicator of fast GMRES convergence, that convergence may be slow when some of those eigenvalues are ill‐conditioned. We show there can be at most 2peigenvalues ofI+Kthat are sensitive to small perturbations. We present numerical results when using GMRES to solve a sequence of linear systems of the form (I+Kj+Ej)xj=bjthat arise from the application of Broyden's method to solve a nonlinear partial differential equation.
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