Impact of firm heterogeneity on direct and spillover effects of FDI: Micro-evidence from ten transition countries
Impact of firm heterogeneity on direct and spillover effects of FDI: Micro-evidence from ten transition countries
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jce.2012.12.001
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Knell, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Damijan, Joze P.;Rojec, Matija;Knell, Mark
本文提出了一个比较研究的重要性，直接技术转移和溢出效应，通过外国直接投资对一组10个转型国家，使用一个共同的方法和适当的方法来解释的选择和修正。本文考虑了迄今为止任何关于外国直接投资溢出效应的研究所使用的最大的企业层面数据集（超过90，000家企业）。本文的主要新奇在于，在考虑外商直接投资对企业绩效的不同影响时，明确控制了企业异质性的各种来源。这项工作表明，异质性的企业在吸收能力，规模，生产率和技术水平影响的结果。控制这些变量会导致一些有趣的结果，这与以前的经验工作在该领域。我们发现，在过去的十年中，水平溢出已经变得越来越重要，他们甚至可能变得比垂直溢出更重要。积极的横向溢出平均分布在不同规模的企业中，而消极的横向溢出似乎更有可能累积到较小的企业中。此外，积极的水平溢出似乎更有可能出现在具有较高吸收能力的中高生产率企业，而消极的水平溢出更有可能影响中低生产率企业。这些研究结果表明，外国所有权的直接影响以及外国企业的溢出效应在很大程度上取决于单个企业的吸收能力和生产力水平。此外，这些结果表明，外国存在也可能影响较小的公司在更大的程度上比大公司，但这种影响可能是在任何一个方向。Journal of Comparative Economics 41（3）（2013）895-922.斯洛文尼亚卢布尔雅那大学经济系;斯洛文尼亚卢布尔雅那经济研究所;比利时鲁汶大学LICOS和VIVES;斯洛文尼亚卢布尔雅那大学社会科学系;斯洛文尼亚卢布尔雅那宏观经济分析和发展研究所;挪威奥斯陆北欧创新、研究和教育研究所。(C)2012年由爱思唯尔公司出版的比较经济研究协会。All rights reserved.
This paper presents a comparative study of the importance of direct technology transfer and spillovers through FDI on a set of 10 transition countries, using a common methodology and appropriate methods to account for selection and simultaneity correction. This paper considers by far the largest firm level dataset (more than 90,000 firms) used by any study on the spillover effects of FDI. The main novelty of the paper is the explicit control for various sources of firm heterogeneity when accounting for different effects of FDI on firm performance. This work shows that the heterogeneity of firms in terms of absorptive capacity, size, productivity and technology levels affect the results. Controlling for these variables leads to some interesting results, which contrast with the previous empirical work in the field. We find that horizontal spillovers have become increasingly important over the last decade, and they may even become more important than vertical spillovers. Positive horizontal spillovers are equally distributed across size classes of firms, while negative horizontal spillovers seem to be more likely to accrue to smaller firms. Moreover, positive horizontal spillovers seem more likely to be present in medium or high productivity firms with higher absorptive capacities, while negative horizontal spillovers are more likely to affect low to medium productivity firms. These findings suggest that both direct effects from foreign ownership as well as the spillovers from foreign firms substantially depend on the absorptive capacity and productivity level of individual firms. In addition, these results show that foreign presence may also affect smaller firms to a larger extent than larger firms, but this impact may be in either direction. Journal of Comparative Economics 41 (3) (2013) 895-922. University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics, Slovenia; Institute for Economic Research, Ljubljana, Slovenia; LICOS and VIVES, KU Leuven, Belgium; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Social Sciences, Slovenia; Institute for Macroeconomic Analysis and Development, Ljubljana, Slovenia; NIFU - Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, Research and Education, Oslo, Norway. (C) 2012 Association for Comparative Economic Studies Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.