Neighborhood Contextual Factors, Alcohol Use, and Alcohol Problems in the United States: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Study of Young Adults.
Neighborhood Contextual Factors, Alcohol Use, and Alcohol Problems in the United States: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Study of Young Adults.
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美国的邻里环境因素、饮酒和酒精问题：来自全国代表性年轻人研究的证据。
DOI：
10.1111/acer.13033
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Piasecki,ThomasM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Slutske,WendyS;Deutsch,ArielleR;Piasecki,ThomasM
在美国，酒精的使用和问题有相当大的差异，这表明系统的区域差异可能有助于酒精的参与。几个邻里环境因素可能是这种“酒精环境”的重要方面。参与者是15，197名年轻人（年龄18至26岁），来自全国青少年到成人健康纵向研究的第三波，这是一项具有全国代表性的美国调查。过去一年的酒精使用和问题的措施是通过结构化的家庭访谈获得的。道级邻里环境因素（内部和外部酒精出口的密度，邻里劣势，农村与城市居住）来自人口普查指标和地理编码的州级酒精出口许可证。多变量logistic回归，有序logistic回归，或负二项回归模型，包括年龄，性别，种族，和家庭收入作为协变量，适合研究的邻里背景因素与酒精的使用和problems.ResultsThe最一致的发现在4的5酒精参与措施是他们与neighborhoodadvantage;造成这种影响的主要因素是社区中受过教育的居民的比例。酒类销售点的密度与任何酒精使用相关，但与酗酒或酒精问题无关，也不能解释任何邻里优势效应。对于高于或低于购买酒精的法律的年龄的人来说，酒精出口密度对酒精参与的影响没有差异。生活在农村与城市社区与不同的酒精使用模式相关，其特征是任何饮酒的可能性较低，但在那些饮酒的人中，每次饮酒更多。
BackgroundThere is considerable variation in alcohol use and problems across the United States, suggesting that systematic regional differences might contribute to alcohol involvement. Several neighborhood contextual factors may be important aspects of this “alcohol environment.”MethodsParticipants were 15,197 young adults (age 18 to 26) from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally representative U.S. survey. Measures of past‐year alcohol use and problems were obtained via structured in‐home interviews. Tract‐level neighborhood contextual factors (density of on‐ and off‐premises alcohol outlets, neighborhood disadvantage, rural vs. urban residence) were derived from census indicators and geocoded state‐level alcohol outlet licenses. Multivariate logistic regression, ordered logistic regression, or negative binomial regression models, including age, sex, race, and household income as covariates, were fit to examine the relation of the neighborhood contextual factors with alcohol use and problems.ResultsThe most consistent finding across 4 of the 5 measures of alcohol involvement was their association with neighborhoodadvantage; the active ingredient underlying this effect was primarily the proportion of educated residents in the neighborhood. The densities of alcohol outlets were associated with any alcohol use—they were not associated with binge drinking or alcohol problems, nor could they explain any of the neighborhood advantage effects. The influence of alcohol outlet densities on alcohol involvement did not differ for those above or below the legal age to purchase alcohol. Living in a rural versus an urban neighborhood was associated with a different alcohol use pattern characterized by a lower likelihood of any drinking, but among those who drank, consuming more alcohol per occasion.ConclusionsLiving in a more advantaged and educated urban neighborhood with greater densities of bars and restaurants is associated with greater alcohol involvement among 18‐ to 26‐year‐olds in the United States.