Romeo and Juliette
Romeo and Juliette
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罗密欧与朱丽叶
DOI：
10.1086/386699
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发表时间：
1906
期刊：
影响因子：
0.4
通讯作者：
H. W. Fuller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. W. Fuller
目前公认的沙克斯佩的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的唯一来源是亚瑟·布鲁克的长诗《罗密欧与朱丽叶》，出版于1562年，以及威廉·佩因特的小说，载于他的愉悦宫，1566-67年，这两部作品都是直接基于博艾斯托的法国小说，写于1559年。《画家的故事》仅仅是散文的翻译，而这首诗对原作的处理要自由得多；在这两部作品中，沙克斯佩主要是从这首诗中获得他的素材。但是，除了这两个来源之外，英国似乎曾经有过一部关于这一主题的前沙克斯伯里时期的戏剧。布鲁克在他的诗的前缀《致读者的讲话》中简短地提到了这一点。他说：“尽管我最近在台上看到了同样的论点，得到的赞扬比我能期待的要多得多(在那里阐述得比我已经或能做的要好得多)，但同样的事情写下来，可能会产生同样的好效果。”不幸的是，这出戏在英国似乎是短暂的，因为没有找到其他明确提到它的地方，而且，据我们所知，它已经不复存在了。因此，它在这部戏剧的历史上可能扮演的重要角色，以及它可能对沙克斯佩雷产生的影响，到目前为止仍然是无利可图的猜测。但是，尽管这部剧最初的形式已经无可挽回地丢失了，但我想我们会发现，它在外国改编的作品中保存得相当好；也就是在雅各布·斯特鲁伊斯写于1630年左右的《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中，一部荷兰戏剧雅各布·斯特鲁伊斯写的亚历山大对联。可以肯定的是，乍一看，人们可能很容易假设这一戏剧性事件就像著名的德国人罗米奥和胡列塔一样，对哈佛大学的基特里奇教授和贝克教授来说，没有什么，我必须在这里承认感激；因为尽管他们没有看到我目前的论文形式，但当我不久前第一次探讨这个问题时，他们提供了最有帮助的建议。
At the present time the only recognized sources of Shakspere's Romeo and Juliet are Arthur Brooke's long poem, Romeus and Juliet, published in 1562, and William Painter's novel, contained in his Palace of Pleasure, 1566-67, both of these works being based directly on a French novel by Boaistuau, written in 1559. Painter's story is merely a close prose translation, whereas the poem shows a much freer handling of its original; of the two productions it was chiefly from the poem that Shakspere drew his material. But, in addition to these two sources, there seems to have existed once in England a pre-Shaksperian play on this subject. Brief mention of it is made in the address to the reader which Brooke prefixed to his poem. He says: "Though I saw the same argument lately set forth on stage with more commendation than I can look for (being there much better set forth than I have or can do) yet the same matter penned as it is, may serve the like good effect." Unfortunately, this play seems to have been shortlived in England, for no other explicit reference to it has been found, and, so far as we are aware, it is no longer extant. The important part, therefore, which it may have played in the history of the drama, and the influence which it may have exerted on Shakspere have remained hitherto matters of profitless speculation. But though this play in its original form be irrevocably lost, we shall find, I think, that it has been fairly well preserved in a foreign adaptation; namely, in the Romeo en Juliette, a Dutch play in Alexandrine couplets by Jacob Struijs, written about 1630. At first glance, to be sure, one might easily suppose this drama to be, like the well-known German Romio und Julietta, nothing 1To Professor Kittredge and Professor Baker, of Harvard University, I must here acknowledge indebtedness; for although they have not seen my paper in its present form, yet, when I first approached this question some time ago, they offered most helpful suggestions.