Energy transport and cell polarity: relationship of phosphagen kinase activity to sperm function.
Energy transport and cell polarity: relationship of phosphagen kinase activity to sperm function.
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DOI：
10.1002/jez.1402510110
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发表时间：
1989-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Tombes;B. Shapiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Tombes;B. Shapiro
海胆精子的运动性所需的能量通过磷酸肌酸穿梭从鞭毛转运到鞭毛，所述磷酸肌酸穿梭涉及磷酸肌酸（PCr）在位于两个位点的肌酸激酶（CrK）同工酶之间的扩散（Tombes和Shapiro，Cell，41：325，'85; Tombes等人，Biophys. J.，52：75，'87）。目前的研究表明，高精子CrK（各种棘皮动物，海鞘，刚毛蠕虫，鲑鱼）或精氨酸激酶（molusc，藤壶，蛾）的活动被认为是在几个物种与精子的原始形态（在头部的基部，相对较长的鞭毛）。相比之下，CrK活性在其他物种（青蛙、小鼠、公鸡、兔子、公牛和人）的精子中的丰度低10-100倍，这些物种或者具有改变的形态（沿着鞭毛沿着延伸的线粒体）和/或利用糖酵解代谢。我们将这些发现解释为支持在细胞中使用磷酸原激酶依赖的能量转运，其中三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的产生是由磷酸二氢钾远离其利用，导致一种形式的代谢极化。另外两种细胞类型，青蛙光感受器和兔输卵管细胞，其形态和功能也表明它们表现出代谢极化，含有相对较高的CrK活性。在代谢极化的配子和体细胞中存在高磷酸原激酶活性进一步证实了这些酶在促进能量运输中的作用。
The energy required for motility of sea urchin sperm is transported from the mitochondrion to the flagellum by a phosphocreatine shuttle involving diffusion of phosphocreatine (PCr) between isozymes of creatine kinase (CrK) localized at the two sites (Tombes and Shapiro, Cell, 41:325, '85; Tombes et al., Biophys. J., 52:75, '87). The present studies demonstrate that high sperm CrK (various echinoderms; sea squirt, bristle worm, salmon) or arginine kinase (molusc, barnacle, moth) activity is seen in several species with sperm of a primitive morphology (mitochondrion at the base of the head, relatively long flagellum). In contrast, CrK activity is 10-100-fold less abundant in sperm of other species (frog, mouse, rooster, rabbit, bull, and human) that either possess a modified morphology (mitochondria that extend along the flagellum) and/or utilize glycolytic metabolism. We interpret these findings as support for the use of phosphagen kinase-dependent energy transport in cells in which the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by the mitochondrion is distant from its utilization, leading to a form of metabolic polarization. Two other cell types, frog photoreceptors and rabbit oviduct cells, whose morphology and function also suggest that they exhibit metabolic polarization, contain relatively high CrK activity. The presence of high phosphagen kinase activity in metabolically polarized gametes and somatic cells further substantiates the role of such enzymes in facilitating energy transport.