Cultural Meaning of Perceived Control: A Meta-Analysis of Locus of Control and Psychological Symptoms Across 18 Cultural Regions
Cultural Meaning of Perceived Control: A Meta-Analysis of Locus of Control and Psychological Symptoms Across 18 Cultural Regions
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DOI：
10.1037/a0028596
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Chan, Man-pui Sally
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cheng, Cecilia;Cheung, Shu-fai;Chan, Man-pui Sally
整合了40多年来关于控制源（locus of control，简称SCL）的研究，本荟萃分析探讨了（a）SCL和心理症状之间的关系在不同个人主义取向的文化中是否存在差异，以及（B）抑郁和焦虑症状是否产生了不同的文化结果模式。我们纳入了研究，这些研究检查了非临床样本（年龄范围：18 - 80岁）中的总体自我评分和至少1个标准变量。数据分析基于152个独立样本，代表了对18个文化地区33，224名成年人的测试。结果显示，外部焦虑与抑郁症状（k = 123，N = 28，490，r = 0.30，95%置信区间[CI][0.27，0.32]）和焦虑症状（k = 65，N = 13，208，r = 0.30，95% CI [0.27，0.33]）之间存在中度强相关性。个人主义仅在外部LOC-焦虑关系中解释了20%的独特方差：在集体主义社会中，外部压力和焦虑症状之间的联系较弱（k = 8，N = 2，297，r = 0.20，95% CI [0.13，0.28]）与个人主义社会（k = 54，N = 9，887，r = 0.32，95% CI [0.29，0.34]）相比。这种文化差异归因于在更加集体主义的社会中对代理目标的重视程度降低。值得注意的是，在不同的文化中，外在的负面含义并不相同，集体主义社会的成员可能更愿意认可这些项目。在国家一级对文化进行了审查，审查结果可能不适用于某一文化区域的任何特定个人。整合的文化意义的知觉控制到制定的理论，研究设计和干预方案的影响进行了讨论。
Integrating more than 40 years of studies on locus of control (LOC), this meta-analysis investigated whether (a) the magnitude of the relationship between LOC and psychological symptoms differed among cultures with distinct individualist orientations and (b) depression and anxiety symptoms yielded different patterns of cultural findings with LOC. We included studies that examined global self-ratings of LOC and at least 1 of the criterion variables in nonclinical samples (age range: 18-80 years). Data were analyzed on the basis of 152 independent samples, representing the testing of 33,224 adults across 18 cultural regions. Results revealed moderately strong relationships for external LOC with depression symptoms (k = 123, N = 28,490, r = .30, 95% confidence interval [CI] [.27, .32]) and anxiety symptoms (k = 65, N = 13,208, r = .30, 95% CI [.27, .33]). Individualism explained 20% of unique variance only in the external LOC-anxiety relationship: The link between external LOC and anxiety symptoms was weaker for collectivist societies (k = 8, N = 2,297, r = .20, 95% CI [.13, .28]) compared with individualist societies (k = 54, N = 9,887, r = .32, 95% CI [.29, .34]). Such cultural differences were attributed to the reduced emphasis on agentic goals in more collectivist societies. It is noteworthy that external LOC does not carry the same negative connotations across cultures, and members of collectivist societies may be more ready to endorse such items. Culture has been examined at the country level, and the findings may not be applicable to any particular person in a cultural region. Implications for integrating cultural meaning of perceived control into formulation of theories, research design, and intervention programs are discussed.