DNA Methylation and Flavonoids in Genitourinary Cancers.
DNA Methylation and Flavonoids in Genitourinary Cancers.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40495-014-0004-8
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
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泌尿生殖系统恶性肿瘤的发病率和死亡率最高。例如，前列腺癌是男性第二常见的癌症，卵巢癌的死亡率和发病率几乎相等。除了遗传变化之外，表观基因组的调节对于癌症的发生和进展也至关重要。在这方面，DNA甲基化状态尤其是DNA高甲基化的表观遗传变化引起了广泛关注。虽然低甲基化主要发生在重复序列中，例如串联和散布重复以及片段重复，但高甲基化与 CpG 岛有关。低甲基化会导致致癌基因的激活，而整体 DNA 低甲基化通常与转移性疾病相关。高甲基化介导的肿瘤抑制基因沉默通常与癌症的发展相关。生物活性植物化学物质，例如存在于水果、蔬菜、饮料等中的类黄酮，能够调节 DNA 甲基化状态，因此是非常有价值的癌症预防剂。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了几种常见的甲基化基因和黄酮类化合物，它们用于调节 DNA 甲基化以预防泌尿生殖系统癌症。
Malignancies of the genitourinary system have some of the highest cancer incidence and mortality rates. For example prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men and ovarian cancer mortality and incidence are near equal. In addition to genetic changes modulation of the epigenome is critical to cancer development and progression. In this regard epigenetic changes in DNA methylation state and DNA hypermethylation in particular has garnered a great deal of attention. While hypomethylation occurs mostly in repeated sequence such as tandem and interspersed repeats and segment duplications, hypermethylation is associated with CpG islands. Hypomethylation leads to activation of cancer-causing genes with global DNA hypomethylation being commonly associated with metastatic disease. Hypermethylation-mediated silencing of tumor suppressive genes is commonly associated with cancer development. Bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids present in fruits, vegetables, beverages etc. have the ability to modulate DNA methylation status and are therefore very valuable agents for cancer prevention. In this review we discuss several commonly methylated genes and flavonoids used to modulate DNA methylation in the prevention of genitourinary cancers.