FOOD AND NUTRIENT INTAKES OF THE TARAHUMARA INDIANS OF MEXICO
FOOD AND NUTRIENT INTAKES OF THE TARAHUMARA INDIANS OF MEXICO
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/32.4.905
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发表时间：
1979-01-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
CONNOR, WE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CERQUEIRA, MT;FRY, MM;CONNOR, WE
对墨西哥马德雷山脉的372名半文化适应的塔拉乌马拉印第安人进行了营养观察，以确定他们的饮食组成及其营养充分性。在1973-1974年间，通过访谈和实地观察获得了174名成年人和198名儿童的饮食历史。这些孩子的历史部分是从6所寄宿教会学校的菜单中计算出来的。每日摄入量的营养计算是基于食物成分表和对塔拉乌马拉食物的一些实际分析。蛋白质摄入量充足，为87克，很好地达到了粮农组织/世卫组织关于每日必需氨基酸摄入量的建议。脂肪仅占总热量的12%，其组成为2%饱和和5%多不饱和，P/S[多不饱和/饱和脂肪酸比率]为2。平均膳食胆固醇摄入量很低，每天不到100毫克，植物类固醇摄入量很高，超过400毫克/天。碳水化合物占总卡路里的75%-80%，主要来自淀粉。只有6%的总卡路里来自单糖。粗纤维摄入量较高，为18~21g/d。食盐摄入量中等偏低，每天5-8g。钙、铁、维生素A、抗坏血酸、硫胺素、烟酸、核黄素和维生素B6的每日摄入量超过或接近粮农组织/世卫组织的建议。塔拉乌马拉印第安人的简单饮食主要由豆类和玉米组成，提供了较高的复合碳水化合物摄入量，脂肪和胆固醇含量较低。他们的饮食通常营养质量很高，按照所有标准，都被认为是抗动脉粥样硬化的。
A nutritional survy of 372 semiacculturated Tarahumara Indians in the Sierra Madre Occidental Mountains of Mexico was carried out to determine the composition of their diet and its nutritional adequacy. Dietary histories from 174 adults and 198 children were obtained by interviews and field observations during 1973 and 1974. The histories for the children were calculated in part from the menus of 6 boarding church schools. Nutrient calculations of daily intake were based upon food composition tables and some actual analyses of Tarahumara foods. The protein intake was ample, at 87 g, and generously met the FAO/WHO recommendations for daily intake of essential amino acids. Fat contributed only 12% of total calories, its composition being 2% saturated and 5% polyunsaturated with a P/S [polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio] ratio of 2. The mean dietary cholesterol intake was very low, less than 100 mg/day, and the plant sterol intake was high, over 400 mg/day. Carbohydrate comprised 75-80% of total calories, mostly from starch. Only 6% of total calories were derived from simple sugars. The crude fiber intake was high, 18-21 g/day. Salt consumption was moderately low, 5-8 g/day. The daily intakes of Ca, Fe, vitamin A, ascorbic acid, thiamine, niacin, riboflavin and vitamin B6 exceeded or approximated the FAO/WHO recommendations. The simple diet of the Tarahumara Indians, composed primarily of beans and corn, provided a high intake of complex carbohydrate and was low in fat and cholesterol. Their diet was generally of high nutritional quality and would, by all criteria, be considered antiatherogenic.