Introduction to Dislocations
Introduction to Dislocations
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DOI：
10.1007/978-94-007-4342-7_2
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Pelleg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Pelleg
当第一次接触材料工程时，学生们经常会问：“为什么要研究位错？”为什么不努力就拿不到工程学文凭呢？”现代位错理论之父泰勒、奥罗万和波兰尼在1934年独立提出他们的新理论时，并没有想到这些问题，他们遵循沃尔泰拉在1905年提出的概念。他们的基本见解对现代结构科学的发展，对结构特性的理解，特别是对材料变形的基本概念至关重要。位错，由于其程度，被认为是一种线缺陷，是材料中发现的各种类型的缺陷之一，它决定了晶体的每一个性质。简而言之，材料并不完美，包含各种缺陷。这些决定材料性能的缺陷是：
When exposed for the first time to materials engineering, students often ask: “Why study dislocations? Why can’t we get an engineering diploma without making this effort?” Such questions did not cross the minds of Taylor, Orowan and Polanyi, the fathers of modern dislocation theory in 1934, when they independently suggested their novel theory of dislocations, following concepts developed by Volterra in 1905. Their basic insights were crucial for the development of the modern science of structure, for the understanding of structural properties and, in particular, for the essential concept of the deformation of materials. A dislocation, due to its extent, is considered to be a line defect and is one of the various types of defects found in materials which determine each and every property of a crystal. Briefly, materials are not perfect and contain a variety of defects. These defects, that determine the properties of a material, are: