Improved methods for evaluating the environmental impact of nanoparticle synthesis†.
Improved methods for evaluating the environmental impact of nanoparticle synthesis†.
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DOI：
10.1039/c6gc00383d
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发表时间：
2016-08-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Reed SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Reid BT;Reed SM
随着纳米颗粒产品市场的增长，纳米颗粒合成效率的提高将对经济和环境产生重大的积极影响。虽然已经设计了许多用于测量小分子合成效率的指标，但这些指标用于评估纳米颗粒制备的使用尚未得到优化。这里提供了各种绿色化学指标的关键评估，因为它们被应用于一组常见的纳米颗粒合成方法。考察了纳米颗粒的多分散性对不同合成方法的相对绿度的影响。本文以金纳米粒子的合成为例，对制备单分散金纳米粒子的三种不同方法进行了比较。有趣的是，并不是所有的指标都为合成方法提供相同的排名。当忽略多分散性时，这些指标提供了不同的方法排名顺序，强调了明确定义所需纳米颗粒尺寸范围以避免低估环境影响的重要性。
With the market for products containing nanoparticles growing, improvements in the efficiency of nanoparticle synthesis are poised to have significant positive economic and environmental impacts. While many metrics have been designed for measuring the efficiency of small molecule synthesis, the use of these metrics for evaluating nanoparticle preparation has not been optimized. Here a critical evaluation of various green chemistry metrics is provided as they are applied to a common set of nanoparticle synthetic methods. The effect of the nanoparticle polydispersity on the relative greenness of different synthetic methods is also examined. Using metrics modified to account for polydispersity, a case study of gold nanoparticle syntheses is provided and three different methods of preparing monodisperse gold nanoparticles are compared. Interestingly, not all of the metrics provide the same rankings for the synthetic methods. And when polydispersity is ignored, the metrics provide a different rank order of the methods, highlighting the importance of clearly defining the desired nanoparticle size range to avoid underestimating the environmental impact.