Synapse formation on adult-born hippocampal neurons
Synapse formation on adult-born hippocampal neurons
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07604.x
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Sultan, Sebastien
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Toni, Nicolas;Sultan, Sebastien
现在普遍认为，成年神经发生在海马功能中起着重要作用。在成年海马齿状回中出生的神经元在完全整合到网络中之前经历了一系列事件，最终变得与胚胎发育期间出生的神经元无法区分。成年海马神经发生受到神经元活动和神经递质的强烈调控，成年出生的神经元的突触整合发生在离散的步骤中，其中一些与围产期突触发生非常不同。在这里，我们回顾了目前的知识的发展突触输入和输出的神经元出生在成年海马，从干/祖细胞的完全成熟的神经元。我们还提供了一些神经递质对成人神经发生的调节，并讨论了成人环境中新神经元整合的一些特异性。了解调节成人出生神经元突触整合的机制不仅对于我们了解大脑可塑性至关重要，而且还为操纵和监测内源性成人神经发生以及移植细胞提供了一个框架，以用于潜在的治疗应用。
It is now widely accepted that adult neurogenesis plays a fundamental role in hippocampal function. Neurons born in the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampus undergo a series of events before they fully integrate in the network and eventually become undistinguishable from neurons born during embryogenesis. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is strongly regulated by neuronal activity and neurotransmitters, and the synaptic integration of adult-born neurons occurs in discrete steps, some of which are very different from perinatal synaptogenesis. Here, we review the current knowledge on the development of the synaptic input and output of neurons born in the adult hippocampus, from the stem/progenitor cell to the fully mature neuron. We also provide insight on the regulation of adult neurogenesis by some neurotransmitters and discuss some specificities of the integration of new neurons in an adult environment. The understanding of the mechanisms regulating the synaptic integration of adult-born neurons is not only crucial for our understanding of brain plasticity, but also provides a framework for the manipulation and monitoring of endogenous adult neurogenesis as well as grafted cells, for potential therapeutic applications.