A sensitive period in the neural phenotype of language in blind individuals.
A sensitive period in the neural phenotype of language in blind individuals.
复制标题
盲人语言神经表型的敏感期。
DOI：
10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100744
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Bedny,Marina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pant,Rashi;Kanjlia,Shipra;Bedny,Marina
先天失明改变了语言的神经基础：“视觉”皮层对语言信息做出反应，额叶-时间语言网络不那么偏向左侧。我们通过比较成年性失明(AB，n= 16)、先天性失明(CB，n= 22)和蒙眼失明成年人(n= 18)句子加工的神经基础，检验了这种可塑性遵循敏感期的假说。在实验一中，受试者对口语句子进行语义判断，并在控制条件下解出数学方程式。在实验2中，受试者回答“谁对谁做了什么”是/否的问题，回答语法复杂(有句法移位)和较简单的句子。在控制条件下，受试者在没有单词的情况下完成记忆任务。在这两个实验中，CB组和AB组的视觉皮层对句子的反应比对照组更多，但CB组的影响要大得多。只有CB参与者的“视觉”皮层对语法复杂性做出反应。与CB组不同，AB组与视力组相比，额颞部语言网络的左侧偏侧化没有减少。这些结果表明，先天性失明改变了语言的神经基础，与成年性失明不同，这与发育敏感期假说一致。
Congenital blindness modifies the neural basis of language: “visual” cortices respond to linguistic information, and fronto-temporal language networks are less left-lateralized. We tested the hypothesis that this plasticity follows a sensitive period by comparing the neural basis of sentence processing between adult-onset blind (AB,n= 16), congenitally blind (CB,n= 22) and blindfolded sighted adults (n= 18). In Experiment 1, participants made semantic judgments for spoken sentences and, in a control condition, solved math equations. In Experiment 2, participants answered “who did what to whom” yes/no questions for grammatically complex (with syntactic movement) and simpler sentences. In a control condition, participants performed a memory task with non-words. In both experiments, visual cortices of CB and AB but not sighted participants responded more to sentences than control conditions, but the effect was much larger in the CB group. Only the “visual” cortex of CB participants responded to grammatical complexity. Unlike the CB group, the AB group showed no reduction in left-lateralization of fronto-temporal language network, relative to the sighted. These results suggest that congenital blindness modifies the neural basis of language differently from adult-onset blindness, consistent with a developmental sensitive period hypothesis.