Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: virus persistence and adaptation in Australia
Rabbit haemorrhagic disease: virus persistence and adaptation in Australia
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DOI：
10.1111/eva.12195
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Sommer, Simone
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwensow, Nina I.;Cooke, Brian;Sommer, Simone
在澳大利亚，自1996年以来一直使用兔出血症病毒（RHDV）来减少引进的欧洲兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus）的数量，这些兔对澳大利亚本土环境造成了破坏性影响。RHDV引起定期，短暂的疾病爆发，但很少有人知道病毒如何持续存在和流行之间的生存。我们研究了RHDV的最初传播，表明即使在其最初的传播，病毒在区域范围内不断循环，而不是坚持在当地人口水平，澳大利亚兔种群高度相互关联的病毒携带的飞行载体。从单个兔子种群中获得的测序数据显示，每年引起流行病的病毒很少与前几年存在的病毒有密切的遗传相似性。总之，这些数据表明，RHDV通过其在兔子亚群中传播的能力在澳大利亚环境中存活。这与模拟结果一致，该结果表明，在一个大型的相互关联的兔子元种群中，RHDV应保持高毒力，引起短暂，强烈的疾病爆发，但在任何给定的亚群中表现出低持久性。这一新的流行病学框架对于理解病毒-宿主共同进化和未来害虫物种的疾病管理方案以确保澳大利亚剩余的自然生物多样性非常重要。
In Australia, the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) has been used since 1996 to reduce numbers of introduced European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) which have a devastating impact on the native Australian environment. RHDV causes regular, short disease outbreaks, but little is known about how the virus persists and survives between epidemics. We examined the initial spread of RHDV to show that even upon its initial spread, the virus circulated continuously on a regional scale rather than persisting at a local population level and that Australian rabbit populations are highly interconnected by virus-carrying flying vectors. Sequencing data obtained from a single rabbit population showed that the viruses that caused an epidemic each year seldom bore close genetic resemblance to those present in previous years. Together, these data suggest that RHDV survives in the Australian environment through its ability to spread amongst rabbit subpopulations. This is consistent with modelling results that indicated that in a large interconnected rabbit meta-population, RHDV should maintain high virulence, cause short, strong disease outbreaks but show low persistence in any given subpopulation. This new epidemiological framework is important for understanding virus-host co-evolution and future disease management options of pest species to secure Australia's remaining natural biodiversity.