Role of syringeal muscles in controlling the phonology of bird song
Role of syringeal muscles in controlling the phonology of bird song
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.1996.76.1.287
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发表时间：
1996-07-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Suthers, RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goller, F;Suthers, RA
1. 通过记录双侧气流、注射器下气囊压力、六个注射器肌肉的肌电图 (EMG) 以及自发鸣叫的棕色鸫 (Toxostoma rufum) 的声音输出，研究注射器肌肉对控制鸣叫音韵的贡献。2．注射肌腹侧肌（vS）（最大的注射肌）的肌电图活动随着同侧产生的声音的基频呈指数增加，并且与频率调制密切相关。3．其他注射肌的肌电活动也与声音频率呈正相关，但与肌电振幅随注射器阻力变化相关的变化相比，其肌电振幅变化幅度很小。高频声音期间所有注射器肌肉的活动增加可能反映出最大注射器肌肉 (vS) 强烈收缩期间对结构稳定性的需求增加。4。多种注射机构用于产生幅度调制 (AM)。其中最常见的是通过内收肌（背侧肌和气管支气管肌）和外展肌（腹侧气管支气管肌）的活动来调节注射器气流的速率，从而改变注射器阻力，将声音产生从鸣管一侧切换到另一侧，或产生快速振荡流量变化。振荡气流期间 AM 和 EMG 爆发之间相位关系的变化表明拮抗肌之间存在复杂的生物力学相互作用。5． AM 也可能由两个独立生成的声音（节拍音符）的声学相互作用产生，包括两个注射器半部之间的串扰信号。在后一种机制中，一侧产生的声音与对侧的声源略微异相辐射，从而导致侧向 AM 生成。
1. The contribution of syringeal muscles to controlling the phonology of song was studied by recording bilateral airflow, subsyringeal air sac pressure, electromyograms (EMGs) of six syringeal muscles, and vocal output in spontaneously singing brown thrashers (Toxostoma rufum).2. EMG activity in musculus syringealis ventralis (vS), the largest syringeal muscle, increases exponentially with the fundamental frequency of the ipsilaterally generated sound and closely parallels frequency modulation.3. The EMG activity of other syringeal muscles is also positively correlated with sound frequency, but the amplitude of their EMGs changes only a small amount compared with variation in the amplitude of their EMGs correlated with changing syringeal resistance. The elevated activity in all syringeal muscles during high-frequency sounds may reflect an increased need for structural stability during the strong contractions of the largest syringeal muscle (vS).4. Several syringeal mechanisms are used to generate amplitude modulation (AM). The most common of these involves modulating the rate of syringeal airflow, through activity by adductor (m. syringealis dorsalis and m. tracheobronchialis dorsalis) and abductor (m. tracheobronchialis ventralis) muscles, which change syringeal resistance, switch sound production from one side of the syrinx to the other, or produce rapid oscillatory flow changes. Variation in the phase relationship between AM and EMG bursts during oscillatory airflow suggests complex biomechanical interaction between antagonistic muscles.5. AM can also arise from acoustic interactions of two independently generated sounds (beat notes) including cross talk signals between the two syringeal halves. In this latter mechanism, sound generated on one side radiates slightly out of phase with the source from the contralateral side, resulting in lateralized AM generation.